The business of recovery: A novel pilot study psychosocial intervention to build self-efficacy and reduce relapse risk in adolescent substance use treatment.

Introduction: Relapse rates following adolescent substance use disorder (SUD) treatment remain high, highlighting a need for innovative interventions that improve engagement and target key psychosocial mechanisms of recovery. Drawing on Social Cognitive Theory, this pilot study evaluated a novel, strength-based Entrepreneurial Education Program (EEP) designed to reduce relapse risk by increasing self-efficacy, positive affect, and emotion regulation.

Methods: Twenty-seven adolescent males (M age = 15.

Untargeted Metabolomic Identifies Potential Seasonal Biomarkers of Semen Quality in Duroc Boars.

High semen quality is vital for reproductive success in the swine industry; however, seasonal fluctuations often compromise this quality. The molecular mechanism underlying these seasonal effects on semen quality remains largely unclear. This study employed untargeted metabolomic profiling of boar seminal plasma (SP) to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with semen quality during the summer and winter months.

Determinants of anemia among children under five in Eastern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Anemia is a leading contributor to child morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, more than half of the children under 5 years are affected by anemia. Understanding context-specific determinants remains critical for targeted interventions.

Evaluating the inoculating bacterial communities within the bovine neonatal respiratory tract after applying an ablation technique to the dam vaginal microbiota prior to parturition.

The vaginal microbiota (VM) is the neonate's first microbial exposure, playing a role in early health outcomes. However, the impact of VM disruption at parturition on neonatal microbial inoculation and passive transfer success remains unclear. Betadine lavages (BL) are commonly used to control reproductive tract infections but can induce microbial dysbiosis.

Effects of Shading on Metabolism and Grain Yield of Irrigated Rice During Crop Development.

Rice ( L.) plays a pivotal role in the Brazilian economy, serving as a staple food for more than half of the world's population and thereby contributing to global food security. Projections of future climate change scenarios indicate an increase in extreme weather events.

Gender-Specific Interactions Between Adiposity, Alcohol Consumption, and Biological Stress Biomarkers Among College Students in the United States.

Background: Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases associated with insulin resistance. However, research on its relationship with alcohol intake and stress markers, such as cortisol and α-amylase, remains limited, particularly among young adults in the general population.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between adiposity measures, alcohol intake, and biological stress biomarkers among college students.

Exploring the Potential Roles of and Missense Variants in the Association Between Body Composition, Beverage Consumption, and Chronic Lung Diseases: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

The study examined the association between body composition and beverage consumption and the risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and explored the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in these associations by leveraging summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in nonoverlapping populations. The IEU OpenGWAS project was sourced for exposure datasets: body mass index, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, total body water mass, alcohol intake frequency, and coffee intake, and selected health outcome datasets: asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Datasets were assessed and filtered using R, followed by a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Sperm Quality Metrics Exhibit Annual Fluctuations in a Critically Endangered Amphibian Managed Under Human Care.

The Puerto Rican crested toad (Peltophyrne lemur [P. lemur]) is Puerto Rico's only endemic toad and has undergone rapid population decline within the last 40 years. As a hedge against extinction, captive assurance colonies have been established at several zoological institutions for breeding and reintroduction.

Can Self-Management Strategies for Reducing Sedentary Behavior Combined With Multicomponent Training Improve the Body Composition of Older Adults? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Body composition changes during the aging process leads to an increase in fat mass and a decline in lean mass. Physical exercise can cause changes in body composition, but it is unclear whether reducing sedentary behavior (SB) also produces positive effects.

Objective: To assess whether adopting self-management strategies (SMS) to reduce SB along with multicomponent training (MT) compared with a MT alone can improve the body composition of older adults who were physically active before the pandemic.

Whole-genome duplications revealed by macronuclear genomes of five rare species of the model ciliates Paramecium.

Paramecium, a group of ciliates with a long evolutionary history, plays essential roles in freshwater ecosystems and has been model for genetic, cellular, and evolutionary studies for over a century. Despite the valuable contributions of genomic resources such as ParameciumDB, genomic data are still mostly limited to species in and near the P. aurelia group.

Photonics Detection of Molecular-Specific Spatial Structural Alterations of Cells due to Chronic Alcoholism and Probiotics Treatments in Colon Cancer.

Photonics/light localization techniques are essential in understanding the structural changes in biological cells/tissues at the nano- to sub-micron scale. It is now known that structural alterations begin at the nanoscale, marking the onset of cancer progression. This photonics study examines the molecular-specific nano-structural alterations of chronic alcoholism and probiotic effects on colon cancer using a mouse model of colon cancer.

AI-Powered Structural Health Monitoring Using Multi-Type and Multi-Position PZT Networks.

Concrete compressive strength is a critical property for structural performance and construction scheduling. Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, such as rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity, offer limited reliability and resolution, particularly at early ages. This study presents an AI-powered structural health monitoring (SHM) framework that integrates multi-type and multi-position piezoelectric (PZT) sensor networks with machine learning for in situ prediction of concrete compressive strength.

Sink or swim: Phylogenomic analysis of Baikal sculpins reveals multiple transformations to pelagic, bathybenthic, and lotic ecomorphologies.

Lake Baikal ranks among the world's most species-rich freshwater ecosystems; however, the evolutionary histories of endemic taxa remain poorly understood. The unique abiotic environments of Lake Baikal include the only bathybenthic, bathypelagic, and deep hydrothermal vent communities in freshwater, each of which supports species with derived morphological and physiological traits. As the only known vertebrate radiation endemic to a non-tropical ancient lake, Baikal sculpins represent an underappreciated resource for investigating evolutionary processes that underlie adaptive radiation.

EMC Effect of Tritium and Helium-3 from the JLab MARATHON Experiment.

Measurements of the EMC effect in the tritium and helium-3 mirror nuclei are reported. The data were obtained by the MARATHON Jefferson Lab experiment, which performed deep inelastic electron scattering from deuterium and the three-body nuclei, using a cryogenic gas target system and the high resolution spectrometers of the Hall A Facility of the Lab. The data cover the Bjorken x range from 0.

Multitrack Linearly Polarized Spectrometer for Simultaneous Kinetic UV-Vis, Polarization-Resolved- Scattering, and Photoluminescence Measurements.

Dynamic systems, defined by their continuous temporal evolution, are central to advancements in chemistry, biology, and materials science. Optical techniques that leverage light absorption, scattering, and emission are essential for characterizing structural and property changes in these systems. However, conventional optical toolssuch as UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence, and scattering techniquesprovide fragmented or incomplete insights, making it challenging to comprehensively understand dynamic processes and ensure reliable data interpretation.

Correction: Staphylococcal skin infection isolates from dogs without recent antibiotic exposure are 100% susceptible to clindamycin.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.

Production of secondary metabolites under challenging environments: understanding functions and mechanisms of signalling molecules.

Plants are sessile organisms confronted by various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heavy metals (HMs), and high/low temperatures throughout their growth cycles. In response to stress conditions, plants activate a cascade of metabolites and signalling molecules and networks. These intricate networks of signalling molecules like nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hydrogen peroxide (HO), ethylene (ETH), melatonin (MT), and calcium (Ca ), play a crucial role in enhancing the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) in plants.

Using citizen science to overcome data gaps in artisanal fisheries: programme overview and spatiotemporal patterns.

Artisanal fisheries contribute substantial animal protein to people in many developing countries, yet government resources for fisheries management are limited and typically allocated to larger commercial operations. This leaves artisanal fisheries vulnerable to overfishing and other anthropogenic threats. A co-management arrangement, whereby government agencies delegate management authority to fishing communities, is a solution.

Optical Detection of the Spatial Structural Alteration in the Human Brain Tissues/Cells and DNA/Chromatin due to Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the urgent need for early, reliable biomarkers. Structural disorder at the subcellular level, particularly in nuclear components such as DNA/chromatin, offers a promising diagnostic target. In this study, we applied two mesoscopic physics-based optical techniques-partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) and inverse participation ratio (IPR)-to quantify nanoscale structural alterations in postmortem human brain tissues and nuclei.

Inflammatory response following intra-articular injection of decellularized porcine amnion/chorion in horses.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of intra-articular decellularized porcine amnion/chorion suspension (dPACLS) in horses.

Study Design: Controlled, randomized, prospective study.

Animals: A total of 10 adult horses.

Transcriptional responses of Listeria monocytogenes to low-temperature stress reveal distinct adaptive mechanisms in the absence of BKD and PrfA activation.

Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen capable of growth at refrigeration temperatures, represents a significant public health challenge. Its ability to grow at low temperatures is mediated by incorporation of high levels of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) into its membrane. This adaptation is crucial for maintaining optimal membrane fluidity and function under harsh conditions.

Sentinel-3 Coastal Analysis Ready Data (S3CARD): An operational framework for coastal water applications.

Coastal waters are among the most ecologically and economically significant ecosystems, yet many regions remain under-monitored due to the limitations of existing monitoring stations and satellite imaging products. This study introduces the Sentinel-3 Coastal Analysis Ready Data (S3CARD) framework, designed to generate gridded, analysis-ready, atmospherically corrected surface reflectance data from Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) imagery for coastal applications. The framework integrates radiative transfer-based atmospheric correction, adjacency and glint correction, and quality assessment to produce gridded surface reflectance outputs for coastal water analysis.

Indices of Arterial Stiffness and Hemodynamic Responses Following Repeated Cycling Sprints at Varying Intensities Among Recreationally Active Females.

We examined indices of arterial stiffness (AS) and hemodynamic responses pre- and post-repeated cycling sprints at varying intensities. Twenty recreationally active females were randomized to complete three, 10-sec all-out cycling sprints with 2 min of interbout rest performed against 7.5% body weight (7.

Lifting Triplet Degeneracy Through Organic-Cation Driven Structural Perturbation to Modulate Luminescence of Sb-Doped Double Perovskite.

The spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) alter the orbital degeneracy in materials, leading to unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties essential in spintronics, quantum computing, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, the study employs luminescent p-xylylenediammonium (PXA) instead of Cs in CsNaInCl to yield 2D Sb-doped (PXA)NaInCl double perovskite and demonstrates a non-degenerate triplet state resulting from enhanced JTE in the strong SOC regime, featuring distinct emission centers. Consequently, a broadband emission from both PXA and [SbCl] spans the entire spectrum (350-750 nm), representing a rare single-source multi-emissive 2D perovskite.