Regression Modeling of Cumulative Incidence Function for Left-Truncated Right-Censored Competing Risks Data: A Modified Pseudo-observation Approach.

Statistical methods have been developed for regression modeling of the cumulative incidence function (CIF) given left-truncated right-censored competing risks data. Nevertheless, existing methods typically involve complicated weighted estimating equations or nonparametric conditional likelihood function and often require a restrictive assumption that censoring and/or truncation times are independent of failure time. The pseudo-observation (PO) approach has been used in regression modeling of CIF for right-censored competing risks data under covariate-independent censoring or covariate-dependent censoring.

Testing autonomous motivation as a mechanism of anticipated regret intervention techniques for seasonal flu vaccination.

Background: Anticipated regret is associated with vaccination. However, gaps in understanding mechanisms of anticipated regret and how to intervene using anticipated regret limit its use as an intervention to promote vaccination.

Purpose: Address gaps in anticipated regret interventions to promote seasonal flu vaccination.

Using Virtual Reality in Discrimination Research: Ethical Considerations and Participants' Perspectives.

Virtual reality (VR) can offer unique advantages for studying how individuals respond to stressful events, including racial discrimination, but the ethics of using VR in this context remain underexplored. We briefly review possible scientific benefits and risks of using VR to examine racial discrimination. We also report results from 130 participants of color ( = 24.

Revealing Robust Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Gd-Doped Few-Layered MoS Thin Films.

2D MoS holds great promise for spintronics, yet is limited by intrinsic diamagnetism. This study demonstrates inducing ferromagnetic behavior in MoS films doped with 0.47% Gd, achieving an ultrahigh saturation magnetization of 454 emu/cm in a few-layered film over 11-times higher than bulk films (40 nm).

Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Stress: A Hormetic Perspective.

The purpose of this article is to examine a previously unrecognized role for the vasopressin-oxytocin (VP-OT) system in mammalian "stress-response hormesis." The current review adds hormesis to the long list of beneficial effects of OT. Hormesis, a biphasic adaptive response to low-level stressors, is introduced here to contextualize the dynamic roles of oxytocin and vasopressin.

Mechanisms of Change in Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Research Agenda.

Anxiety and related disorders are a significant public health burden with rising prevalence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As demand for effective anxiety treatment increases, so too does the need for strategies to bolster treatment outcomes. Research on the mechanisms of exposure therapy, the frontline behavioral treatment, will be critically important for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Computational and experimental study of AC measurements performed by a double-nanohole plasmonic nanopore sensor on 20 nm silica nanoparticles.

A novel method of AC sensing is presented that uses a double nanohole (DNH) nanoaperture atop a solid-state nanopore (ssNP) to trap analytes and measure their optical and electrical properties. In this method analytes are propelled by an external applied voltage towards the sensor until they are trapped at the DNH-ssNP interface via a self-induced back action (SIBA) plasmonic force. We have previously named this method SIBA Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) sensing and have shown its ability to perform concurrent optical and DC electrical measurements.

Joint analysis of dispersed count-time data using a bivariate latent factor model.

In this study, we explore parameter estimation for a joint count-time data model with a two-factor latent trait structure, representing accuracy and speed. Each count-time variable pair corresponds to a specific item on a measurement instrument, where each item consists of a fixed number of tasks. The count variable represents the number of successfully completed tasks and is modeled using a Beta-binomial distribution to account for potential over-dispersion.

AI-Powered Structural Health Monitoring Using Multi-Type and Multi-Position PZT Networks.

Concrete compressive strength is a critical property for structural performance and construction scheduling. Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, such as rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity, offer limited reliability and resolution, particularly at early ages. This study presents an AI-powered structural health monitoring (SHM) framework that integrates multi-type and multi-position piezoelectric (PZT) sensor networks with machine learning for in situ prediction of concrete compressive strength.

Using machine learning to predict concussion recovery time: The importance of psychological and symptomatic factors.

Objectives: The objectives were threefold: 1) To utilize machine learning (ML) to create a model for predicting concussion recovery time using routine clinical metrics, 2) To compare predictive factors within a ML model to previously identified risk factors, and 3) To compare predictive ability of ML models to traditional logistic regression.

Methods: North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) data were prospectively collected during an initial post-injury clinic visit and 3-month follow-up. ML models classified 1000 participants with sport- or recreation-related injuries, ages 6-59, into ordinal recovery time groups.

Global and Episode-Specific Prediction of Recurrent Events Using Longitudinal Health Informatics Data.

Accurate prediction of recurrent clinical events is crucial for effective management of chronic conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, longitudinal health informatics databases, which routinely collect data on repeated clinical events, have been increasingly utilized to construct risk prediction models. We introduce a novel nonparametric framework to predict recurrent events on a gap time scale using survival tree ensembles.

Dual mechanism of the OXA-23 carbapenemase inhibition by the carbapenem NA-1-157.

Carbapenem-resistant continues to be a leading cause of life-threatening infections that result in high mortality rates. The major cause of carbapenem resistance in this pathogen is the production of class D carbapenemases, enzymes that inactivate the last resort carbapenem antibiotics, thus significantly diminishing the available therapeutic options. In this study, we evaluated the interaction of OXA-23, the most widely disseminated class D carbapenemase in clinical isolates, with the atypically modified carbapenem, NA-1-157.

Subaqueous evidence of the last glacial maximum and its termination in southern Patagonia.

The glacial record of gLGM and T1 millennial-scale ice readvances is not continuous across the Patagonian Icefields. Whether missing records indicate that some ice lobes did not readvance during this time, or whether they are the result of burial or erosion of the record, remains to be investigated. We use high-resolution seismic reflection data to probe the glaciolacustrine sediments of Lago Argentino for subaqueous evidence of glacier readvances during the gLGM and T1.

Investigating bacterial evolution in nature with metagenomics.

Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionized our ability to capture the vast genetic diversity of microbiomes. The technique provides an especially detailed characterization of intraspecific diversity, and a growing number of studies are using that information to investigate bacterial evolution in nature. Here, we review how these studies operationally define evolution, the sampling approaches and metrics used, and the interpretation of the observed evolutionary signatures.

Validation of D-SCOPE Questionnaire: Dietitians' Survey of Comfort, Opinions, and Perceptions on Education in Supplements.

The field of dietary supplements is changing and evolving quickly. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists are recognized as experts in nutrition and familiarity with the usage of dietary supplements is expected. However, education on the use of dietary supplements is not equal across accredited dietetic education programs, which can lead to disparities in dietitians' feelings of preparedness, attitudes, and consequently experience of comfort regarding dietary supplements.

Computationally accelerated identification of P-glycoprotein inhibitors.

Overexpression of the polyspecific efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1, ABCB1), is a major mechanism by which cancer cells acquire multidrug resistance (MDR), the resistance to diverse chemotherapeutic drugs. Inhibiting drug transport by P-gp can resensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy, but there are no P-gp inhibitors available to patients. Clinically unsuccessful P-gp inhibitors tend to bind at the pump's transmembrane drug binding domains and are often P-gp transport substrates, resulting in lowered intracellular concentration of the drug and altered pharmacokinetics.

Defective Ribosome Recycling: A Bridge Between Translation Fidelity, Organelle Dysfunction, and Diseases: Exploring How Flawed Ribosome Recycling Factors Impact Ribosome Metabolism and Organelle Homeostasis, Leading to Human Diseases.

Ribosome recycling is a fundamental biological process crucial for cellular health. Defective recycling disrupts ribosome biogenesis and organelle function, particularly in mitochondria, contributing to ribosomopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. While not directly linked to human diseases via known genetic mutations, emerging evidence suggests a critical interplay between ribosome recycling and organelle quality control.

Tree rings reveal persistent Western Apache (Ndee) fire stewardship and niche construction in the American Southwest.

Identifying the influence of low-density Indigenous populations in paleofire records has been methodologically challenging. In the Southwest United States, well-replicated fire histories suggest that abundant lightning and suitable climate conditions drove frequent low-severity wildfires in dry pine forests independent of human activities even as ethnography provided hints that highly mobile indigenous populations used fire in myriad land use contexts. Here, we leverage published and unpublished tree-ring fire history records from pine forests in Western Apache (Ndee) traditional territory in central and eastern Arizona (N = 34 sites, N = 649 trees) to demonstrate that historical fire regimes were overwhelmingly influenced by Ndee cultural burning.

Unfolding the Photophysical Behavior of Luminescent Polymeric Films Containing β‑Diketonate Tetrakis Eu Complexes via Multilayer Quantum Mechanics.

The elucidation of the mechanisms governing the photophysical properties of trivalent lanthanide (Ln) complexes embedded in polymeric matrices, such as poly-(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), is challenging due to their intricate composite nature. Although theoretical modeling offers insights into film luminescence, conventional computational strategies face significant limitations. Given the large-scale nature of these systems, which encompass thousands of atoms, full-scale quantum mechanical (QM) simulations are impractical.

Correction: Chen et al. Sex Difference in Cigarette-Smoking Status and Its Association with Brain Volumes Using Large-Scale Community-Representative Data. 2023, , 1164.

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Frequency band analysis of nonstationary multivariate time series.

Information from frequency bands in biomedical time series provides useful summaries of the observed signal. Many existing methods consider summaries of the time series obtained over a few well-known, pre-defined frequency bands of interest. However, there is a dearth of data-driven methods for identifying frequency bands that optimally summarize frequency-domain information in the time series.

Effects of a Single Atom Substitution on the Physical Properties, Excited State Dynamics, and Iodine Capture Performance of Emissive Covalent Organic Frameworks.

A common strategy for developing emissive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with varied properties is incorporating diverse chromophoric monomers. Herein, an alternative approach is adopted to demonstrate that a simple alteration in just one atom (oxygen vs. sulfur) in monomer design can result in significant differences in the physical, chemical, and photophysical properties of the resulting COFs.

Adverse Consequences from Intimate Partner Violence and Mothers' and Fathers' Supportive Parenting.

Supportive parenting can protect children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) from developing adjustment problems, and there is evidence suggesting that supportive parenting increases under certain circumstances after IPV. However, research on IPV and supportive parenting focuses almost exclusively on parenting by mothers, and there is very little research examining the circumstances in which experiencing IPV (i.e.

Racial and linguistic ideologies and formative assessment practices of U.S. science teachers: A preregistered conceptual replication and extension.

Language, race, and racism are deeply connected in the United States and throughout the world. Over the past 10 years, a growing body of research has argued that many language ideologies and racial ideologies are closely associated with each other. However, few studies have sought to quantify these proposed associations by directly measuring the language ideologies, racial ideologies, and language-related behaviors of participants.