Estrous Cycle Impacts Fear Extinction and Relapse in Female Adolescent Rats.

Adolescent male rodents and humans exhibit impairments in extinguishing learned fear. Here, we investigated whether female adolescent rats exhibit such impairments and if extinction is affected by the estrous cycle as in adults. Following fear conditioning to a discrete cue, female adolescent Sprague Dawley rats were extinguished either around the onset of puberty, when estrous cycling begins, or across different stages of the estrous cycle.

Urgent Care Centre Eligible Presentations in a Remote Emergency Department.

Objective: This study aimed to identify presentations to the Alice Springs Emergency Department that could be managed in an Urgent Care Centre (UCC).

Methods: We reviewed 1 year of ED presentation data at Alice Springs Hospital (ASH) from August 2022 to August 2023 and used a sequence of exclusion criteria to identify patients most likely to be eligible for UCC management.

Results: Our model indicated that 35.

I'm Not Like the Others: Atypical Research Subjects in JEAB Publications.

Comparative psychologists have been criticized for using a limited number of species in drawing general conclusions about broad behavioral processes. There are numerous examples, however, of the inclusion by behavior analysts of atypical subjects in their research. To examine the frequency and diversity in subject species used in the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB), JEAB publications between 1958 and 2023 were reviewed for their use of subjects other than pigeons, rats, humans, and nonhuman primates.

Next-Generation Food Drying: Specialized and Smart Approaches to Boost Efficiency and Quality.

Drying is a critical unit operation in food processing, essential for extending shelf life, ensuring microbial safety, and preserving the nutritional and sensory attributes of food products. However, conventional convective drying techniques are often energy-intensive and lead to undesirable changes such as texture degradation, loss of bioactive compounds, and reduced product quality, thereby raising concerns regarding their sustainability and efficiency. In response, recent advancements have focused on the development of innovative drying technologies that offer energy-efficient, rapid, and quality-preserving alternatives.

What Makes Lupins Less Palatable to Consumers? Can the Sensory Quality of Lupin be Improved and Commercialized?

Introducing underutilized legumes as plant-based protein sources to daily meals is an approach to address the increasing demand for alternative proteins. However, legumes often exhibit off-flavors and aromas, causing negative consumer perceptions. Lupins are an underutilized legume that is becoming popular as a plant protein source due to their high protein, fiber, and low starch contents.

Sexualized Deepfake Abuse: Perpetrator and Victim Perspectives on the Motivations and Forms of Non-Consensually Created and Shared Sexualized Deepfake Imagery.

Advances in digital technologies provide new opportunities for harm, including sexualized deepfake abuse-the non-consensual creation, distribution, or threat to create/distribute an image or video of another person that had been altered in a nude or sexual way. Since 2017, there has been a proliferation of shared open-source technologies to facilitate deepfake creation and dissemination, and a corresponding increase in cases of sexualized deepfake abuse. There is a substantive risk that the increased accessibility of easy-to-use tools, the normalization of non-consensually sexualizing others, and the minimization of harms experienced by those who have their images created and/or shared may impact prevention and response efforts.

An Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid Officer Utilisation Across an International, Interdisciplinary Oncology Group.

Introduction: Mental health is a critical component of overall well-being, yet healthcare professionals, particularly those in oncology, face unique stressors that increase their risk of compassion fatigue and burnout. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training equips non-mental health professionals with the skills to support individuals experiencing distress. Our international oncology organisation implemented MHFA training to foster mentally healthy workplaces.

Outcomes of the Fontan operation in patients with Ebstein anomaly: An Australia and New Zealand Fontan registry study.

Objectives: We sought to review the outcomes of patients with Ebstein anomaly (EA) after the Fontan operation.

Methods: Patients with EA were identified from a large binational registry about the Fontan operation. Data were collected from hospital records, registry data, and clinical correspondence.

Thrombotic complications after aortic arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk stent-graft: A 10-year United Kingdom institutional experience.

Objective: Postoperative intraluminal thrombosis after frozen elephant trunk replacement has been reported to occur with a frequency of 6% to 17% and is associated with poor outcomes. The purpose of this institutional review is to analyze thrombosis rate, predisposing patient and operative factors, and assess different anticoagulation regimens.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes 174 patients operated on over 10 years.

Effects of mothers' water, sanitation and hygiene habits on diarrhoea and malnutrition among children under 5 years in Nepal.

Introduction: Diarrhoea and malnutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) are major public health problems in developing countries, including Nepal. Improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) may reduce the global disease burden by as much as 10.0%.

Vaping health perceptions and never vaping among Australian adolescents: a strength-based analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

Introduction: Curbing adolescent vaping is a public health priority and little evidence exists examining protective factors. Using a strength-based approach, this study explored the relationship between adolescent vaping health perceptions and vaping use.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 9000 Australian adolescents aged 14-17 years recruited via multiple online panels as part of the Generation Vape Study were used.

Community Nursing Interventions and Their Impact on Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of International Evidence.

This systematic review synthesized findings from 17 studies conducted between 2000 and 2024, focusing on the definitions, interventions, and outcomes associated with community nursing. The studies originated from diverse countries, including Singapore, Australia, Italy, Portugal, and the United States, and employed various designs such as quasi-experimental trials, pre-post evaluations, and descriptive studies. Sample sizes ranged from 23 to over 1,600 participants, with most targeting older adults or individuals with chronic conditions.

Education of First Nations Australians about cancer-what evidence is there around its effectiveness? A narrative review.

Poorer cancer prevention and control outcomes for First Nations Australians have resulted in a need for improved health literacy, that is their capacity as individuals to access, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. This narrative review explores the evidence on how education programs work to improve First Nations Australians' understanding of cancer, and how this leads to more effective use of prevention, screening and treatment services. Limited to the Australian context, a bibliographic search using terms structured around four main concepts: Aboriginal, Cancer, Australia, and Intervention (health literacy, health promotion) was undertaken in May 2024 for publications from January 2000.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and cancer: a narrative review of incidence, mortality, barriers to diagnosis and treatment, psychosocial needs and interventions.

Compared to adult cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, minimal research has focussed on cancer in Indigenous Australian children. This narrative review examined published information about incidence, mortality, barriers to diagnosis and treatment, and psychosocial needs and interventions for Indigenous Australian children with cancer. Most papers were epidemiological, investigating incidence and mortality.

The impact of genetics and the environment on cancer risk in Indigenous Australians: a narrative review.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully named Indigenous) Australians are diagnosed with some cancers substantially more frequently than non-Indigenous Australians implying a different risk factor landscape. Additionally, poorer outcomes for certain cancers are exacerbated by lower cancer screening rates and later diagnoses compared to non-Indigenous Australians. An improved understanding of cancer causation would allow better shaping and targeting of screening programs for those at the highest risk.

Antimicrobial resistance in in nine sentinel countries within the World Health Organization Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP), 2023: a retrospective observational study.

Background: The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in threatens empiric single-dose gonorrhoea treatment. Enhanced global AMR surveillance is imperative. We report i) gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance data from 2023 in the World Health Organization Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (WHO EGASP) in the WHO Western Pacific Region (Cambodia, the Philippines, Viet Nam), Southeast Asian Region (Indonesia, Thailand), and African Region (Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe), and ii) metadata of the gonorrhoea patients.

Open Tibial Fractures Part 1: A Narrative Review of Initial Treatment and Potential Applicability to the Southern African Context.

Treatment guidelines for open tibial fractures are well established in high-income countries, but their implementation in low-resource settings remains challenging. To date, only one African country has attempted to formulate national, consensus-based guidelines that cover key aspects such as antibiotic administration, initial stabilization, surgical debridement, wound management, and definitive fixation. This narrative review summarizes current principles for the initial management of open tibial shaft fractures and evaluates their relevance in the Southern African context, particularly in rural and resource-constrained environments.

Maternal Serotonin Levels and Neurodevelopmental Severity in Autistic Children: A Partial Replication and Extension.

Objective: The serotonin system has long been implicated in autism spectrum disorder. A previous study reported lower whole blood serotonin (WB5-HT) concentrations in the mothers of children with more severe autism. This study attempted to replicate this finding in an independent cohort.

Quantitative assessment of fixation strength in combined thread lifting: Comparative analysis of bidirectional-multidirectional versus double bidirectional thread combinations.

Background: The efficacy of thread lifting procedures for facial rejuvenation is significantly influenced by thread fixation strength and tissue stabilization capabilities. This study presents a quantitative biomechanical comparison between bidirectional threads (epiticon® BI, JETEMA Co., Ltd.

Examining the Relationship Between Time Spent on Social Media Platforms and Body Image Concerns.

Objective: Research has suggested that a relationship may exist between frequent use of social networking sites (SNSs) and body dissatisfaction; however, there is a lack of research around newer SNS platforms with larger visual imprints, such as TikTok and Snapchat. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between time spent on different SNSs and body dissatisfaction.

Methods: An online survey was completed by 199 participants.