Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and cancer: a narrative review of incidence, mortality, barriers to diagnosis and treatment, psychosocial needs and interventions.

Compared to adult cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, minimal research has focussed on cancer in Indigenous Australian children. This narrative review examined published information about incidence, mortality, barriers to diagnosis and treatment, and psychosocial needs and interventions for Indigenous Australian children with cancer. Most papers were epidemiological, investigating incidence and mortality.

The impact of genetics and the environment on cancer risk in Indigenous Australians: a narrative review.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully named Indigenous) Australians are diagnosed with some cancers substantially more frequently than non-Indigenous Australians implying a different risk factor landscape. Additionally, poorer outcomes for certain cancers are exacerbated by lower cancer screening rates and later diagnoses compared to non-Indigenous Australians. An improved understanding of cancer causation would allow better shaping and targeting of screening programs for those at the highest risk.

Antimicrobial resistance in in nine sentinel countries within the World Health Organization Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP), 2023: a retrospective observational study.

Background: The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in threatens empiric single-dose gonorrhoea treatment. Enhanced global AMR surveillance is imperative. We report i) gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance data from 2023 in the World Health Organization Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (WHO EGASP) in the WHO Western Pacific Region (Cambodia, the Philippines, Viet Nam), Southeast Asian Region (Indonesia, Thailand), and African Region (Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe), and ii) metadata of the gonorrhoea patients.

Open Tibial Fractures Part 1: A Narrative Review of Initial Treatment and Potential Applicability to the Southern African Context.

Treatment guidelines for open tibial fractures are well established in high-income countries, but their implementation in low-resource settings remains challenging. To date, only one African country has attempted to formulate national, consensus-based guidelines that cover key aspects such as antibiotic administration, initial stabilization, surgical debridement, wound management, and definitive fixation. This narrative review summarizes current principles for the initial management of open tibial shaft fractures and evaluates their relevance in the Southern African context, particularly in rural and resource-constrained environments.

Maternal Serotonin Levels and Neurodevelopmental Severity in Autistic Children: A Partial Replication and Extension.

Objective: The serotonin system has long been implicated in autism spectrum disorder. A previous study reported lower whole blood serotonin (WB5-HT) concentrations in the mothers of children with more severe autism. This study attempted to replicate this finding in an independent cohort.

Quantitative assessment of fixation strength in combined thread lifting: Comparative analysis of bidirectional-multidirectional versus double bidirectional thread combinations.

Background: The efficacy of thread lifting procedures for facial rejuvenation is significantly influenced by thread fixation strength and tissue stabilization capabilities. This study presents a quantitative biomechanical comparison between bidirectional threads (epiticon® BI, JETEMA Co., Ltd.

Examining the Relationship Between Time Spent on Social Media Platforms and Body Image Concerns.

Objective: Research has suggested that a relationship may exist between frequent use of social networking sites (SNSs) and body dissatisfaction; however, there is a lack of research around newer SNS platforms with larger visual imprints, such as TikTok and Snapchat. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between time spent on different SNSs and body dissatisfaction.

Methods: An online survey was completed by 199 participants.

Land tenure contributions to protected area growth under alternative conservation targets in the Australian monsoon tropics.

As the global protected area (PA) network expands to meet international targets, it is important to assess whether traditional reliance on public land will suffice for projected PA growth or whether other tenures, such as Indigenous or pastoral lands, may increasingly contribute. Another consideration is whether the relative importance of different tenures varies depending on the specific goals of the PA network. We used the mammal fauna of the Australian monsoon tropics (AMT), one of the world's largest intact tropical savannas, as a case study to address these questions.

Divergent Changes in Peak Fat Oxidation and Fat Following 3-Day Dietary Interventions Are Related to Muscle Glycogen Availability in Men.

Dietary intake has an important influence on rates of fuel use during exercise, but the extent to which short-term diet changes affect peak fat oxidation (PFO) and the intensity at which this occurs (Fat) is unknown. This study examined the impact of diet-induced changes in substrate availability on PFO and Fat and the expression of key lipid-regulatory genes and proteins in skeletal muscle. Forty moderately to well-trained males (27 ± 5 years, V̇O 56.

Deep Learning-Based Detection of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Background: Reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) signify a critical phenotype driving vision loss in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study sought to develop and externally test a deep learning (DL) model to detect RPD on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans with expert-level performance.

Methods: RPD were manually segmented in 9800 OCT B-scans from individuals enrolled in a multicentre randomised trial.

Scoping Review of Co-Design in Mental Health Research: Essential Elements and Recommendations.

Co-design is increasingly being adopted within mental health service design and delivery, but is less common in research. Co-design ensures that research is relevant and benefits people accessing services. This review examined frameworks, models, and/or guidelines for co-designing mental health research, asking: (a) How is co-design defined? (b) What are the elements, values, and design tools? (c) What recommendations are proposed? A scoping review of peer-reviewed and gray literature on co-design in mental health research was undertaken and narratively synthesized.

An Integrative Review of Registered Nurses' Understandings of Organisational Culture and Cultures of Care in the Aged Care Sector.

Aim: The aim of this integrative review was to explore registered nurses' understandings of organisational culture and cultures of care in aged care.

Design: Integrative literature review.

Methods: A literature search was conducted of Medline (OVID), CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Scopus, Proquest Nursing and Allied Health, and Informit databases in June 2024.

Spatial profiling reveals complex cellular responses of anti-IL5 treatment with mepolizumab in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

There is limited understanding of the impact of anti-IL5 treatment on nasal polyp tissue biology in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This study examined nasal polyp tissue cellular proteome and transcriptome responses to anti-IL5 treatment in CRSwNP utilising spatial profiling. GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of 80 proteins and 1,833 mRNA targets in the polyp stroma and the whole transcriptome (18,815 mRNA targets) in polyp epithelia was undertaken on sinonasal biopsies collected from 20 individuals with eosinophilic CRSwNP before and after 16 and 24 weeks of mepolizumab treatment.

Impact of Epicardial plaQUe Composition and geomeTry on Coronary hEmodynamics and Flow in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (iEquate).

Background: Invasive coronary physiology including fractional flow reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), and coronary flow reserve (CFR) are guideline-endorsed tools to guide the management of coronary artery disease (CAD). Complex factors impact and confound these assessments, and discordance between modalities complicates clinical management. iEquate is a prospective observational trial that combines multi-modality coronary physiology and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify the determinants of pressure-wire derived myocardial ischemia and iFR-FFR discordance.

The structural, thermal, and nutritional characteristics of embedded corn starch after gelatinization and digestive enzyme treatment.

Background: Understanding starch behavior under various processing conditions is important for the development of novel food products with tailored nutritional profiles. This study investigated changes to the structure and properties of native corn starch (NCS) and biomimetic starch-entrapped microspheres following thermal and enzymatic treatments.

Results: Heat-treated microspheres showed more birefringence and structural order than native starch, indicating incomplete gelatinization due to the alginate matrix.

Workplace demands, resources, and well-being among police staff working in forensic services.

Forensic staff play a crucial role in law enforcement through providing specialist services to police agencies in criminal investigations. Given the unique work, including frequent exposure to potentially distressing material, administrative workloads, and other work-related pressures, forensic staff are at risk of increased occupational stress. The current study examined the demands and resources associated with stress-related outcomes among forensic staff.

Multicomponent oleogels of ethylcellulose-binary waxes: atomic force microscopy observation and synergistic effect analysis.

The interactions between ethylcellulose (EC) and waxes in multicomponent oleogel systems are underexplored. This study investigated the structural, functional, and physiochemical properties of rice bran oil (RBO) oleogels structured with various ratios of EC and a binary wax blend (9:1 beeswax (BW): carnauba wax (CRW)), varied in 0.5 % w/w increments at a constant total gelator concentration of 4 % w/w.

Comparative Analysis Methodologies in Nursing Research: A Scoping Review.

Background: Being a global profession, having evolved differently across different geographical areas, and with increasing global migration, nursing is well positioned to undertake comparative research to facilitate understanding and identify areas for development. Despite this, little is known about comparative research use in nursing, and there is little guidance for researchers on how to approach it. With increasingly sophisticated approaches, there is a need to understand how comparative analysis is currently being used.

Efficacy and welfare effects of different forms of physical restraint for upper airway endoscopy of horses.

Background: Physical restraint of horses for veterinary procedures is necessary to allow completion of tasks effectively and without injury to patient or personnel.

Objectives: To compare physiological effects and behavioural responses to four commonly used restraint techniques for upper respiratory tract (URT) endoscopy in unsedated horses.

Study Design: Blocked and randomised interventional study.

Highlights from the Manifesto on the Health Economics of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the health and economic burden of disease globally. In this paper we discuss the literature on the health economics of the prevention and early intervention in CVD. We reveal the large economic impact of CVD and provide the economic argument supporting the calls for early detection and diagnosis of CVD outlined in the Global Heart Hub's patient-led Manifesto for Change.