Future of snakebite risk in India: Consequence of climate change and the shifting habitats of the big four species in next five decades.

Background: Climate change is anticipated to significantly impact the biogeographic distribution of snakes, leading to notable shifts in their habitats toward anthropogenic landscapes. This may potentially increase the incidence of Big Four species (Bungarus caeruleus, Daboia russelii, Echis carinatus, and Naja naja) envenomation, a notable human-health risk that has not yet been assessed in India being the most affected country in South Asia. Therefore, this study integrates species distributions with socioeconomic and healthcare data to prioritize areas for targeted interventions to mitigate the envenomation risks effectively in India.

Botanical Antinutrients as Natural Modulators of Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia: A Narrative Review.

Postprandial elevation in blood monosaccharide and lipid levels is recognized as a significant challenge to systemic homeostasis and physiology, which can be minimized by controlling and monitoring the use of antinutrients. Delve into the investigations made with botanical antinutrients towards modulating intestinal carbohydrate and lipid digestion and subsequent nutrient absorption. A literature search was performed utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus with search strings "antinutrients," "antinutrients and obesity," "pancreatic lipase inhibitors and obesity," "alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and obesity," "amylase inhibitors and obesity," "SGLT1 inhibitors", "inhibitors of intestinal monosaccharide absorption," and "inhibitors of intestinal lipid absorption.

Integrated computational strategies for the identification of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.

Background: The development of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is predominantly associated with the mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR) enzyme, a crucial target for antifolate antimalarial medications such as pyrimethamine and cycloguanil. Specific nucleotide substitutions in the pfDHFR gene, occurring either singly or in various combinations, substantially reduce the effectiveness of antifolate treatments, thus intensifying the worldwide struggle against malaria.

Methods: The present investigation, pharmacophore modeling assisted virtual screening, and, in vitro investigations were conducted to address this resistance issue by identifying novel inhibitors targeting mutant pfDHFR.

Effects of Germination on γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content and Cooking Quality of Ahu Rice Landrace.

Ahu rice, an indigenous landrace, has been recognized for its distinct agronomic and nutritional properties. This study investigated the effect of germination on the enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and cooking quality in this traditional rice variety. The rice grains were subjected to various steeping durations (8, 12, 24, and 36 h) followed by germination periods (24, 36, 48, and 72 h) to determine optimal conditions for GABA biosynthesis and cooking quality improvement.

Revealing the Structural Organization of Starch From Native Potatoes Using Polarization-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy.

Starch from a single botanical source can exhibit variations in physicochemical properties in both its native and hydrolyzed forms. This study examined the structural and functional characteristics of starch from five potato varieties of India. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis was employed to determine the dextrose equivalent profile of each starch type.

Integrated biomarker response in common carp fingerlings exposed to neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a systemic insecticide classified as a neonicotinoid, which targets the central nervous system of insects. This insecticide is commonly used to protect crops from sucking pests like ticks, whiteflies, plant hoppers, and leafhoppers. There are reports of IMI having highly toxic consequences on non-targeted organisms like bees, humans, and aquatic animals.

Deciphering optimal boron management impact on crop productivity, physiology, calcium-boron ratio, mobility and nutrient dynamics in a vegetable cropping sequence under acidic soil.

Boron (B) deficiency, a critical constraint in acidic soils of Northeast India, adversely impinges crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency, necessitating precise micronutrient management to optimize B levels for sustainable vegetable production. Introspecting this rationale, a research trial was executed to examine the implication of differential B application rates (0, 0.5, 1.

Genome wide association analysis of flavour related metabolites in tea germplasm [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] from Assam using a genotyping by sequencing strategy.

Background: Tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] is a type of evergreen shrub that belongs to the family Theaceae. The widespread consumption of this crop is attributed to its refreshing taste, pleasant aroma, stimulating properties, numerous health benefits and therapeutic uses because it is the richest source of secondary metabolites, especially catechin derivatives, caffeine, polyphenols, theanine, tannins, etc.

First report on the molecular characterization and successful treatment of Anaplasma platys infection in a dog from Tripura, northeast India.

This study presents the first report of the molecular characterization of Anaplasma platys infection in the Bangladesh-India border region, specifically in the state of Tripura, along with its successful treatment. Anaplasma platys is a rickettsial organism transmitted by hard ticks that infest dogs, with marked thrombocytopenia and anemia being among the most important clinical manifestations, related to the formation of morulae in the platelets. A dog with a history of suspected anaplasmosis was presented for clinical investigation.

Engineering synthetic microbial communities to restructure the phytobiome for plant health and productivity.

Global agriculture stands at a critical juncture, facing the dual challenge of sustaining food production for a rapidly growing population while mitigating the environmental consequences of intensive farming. The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has accelerated soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and ecological imbalances, threatening long-term viability. Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) have emerged as a promising approach to reshape plant-microbe interactions, offering a precise, scalable, and ecologically sustainable alternative to conventional agrochemicals.

Supplemental effect of metallic nanoparticles on cryopreserved semen quality, lipid peroxidation, sperm head ultrastructure and field fertility levels in crossbred (Hampshire x Niang Megha) boars.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by sperm contributes to oxidative stress (OS), leading to a decline in sperm quality. Different antioxidants have shown potential in preventing such damage. The present study explored the effect of metallic nanoparticle (NPs) supplementation on sperm quality in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa.

Liquid storage of boar semen: Current approaches to reducing sperm damage using antioxidants and nanotechnology.

Due to the high sensitivity of boar sperm to cryodamage, AI with liquid-stored semen is a widely adopted practice in the pig industry. Despite its widespread use, liquid storage at low temperatures adversely affects semen quality, leading to a progressive decline in reproductive performance over time. This deterioration is primarily attributed to cold shock and oxidative stress (OS), which results from the excessive generation of ROS that overwhelms the inherent antioxidant defenses of seminal plasma.

evaluation of hydro-ethanolic seed extract of DC to establish its mechanism of action for paralysis of in continuation with experimentation in naturally infected goat.

The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of hydro-ethanolic seed extract of (HESEZA) DC against , a rumen amphistome highly prevalent in North-East India. and experiments were carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic property of HESEZA and the mechanism of action against . motility and different biochemical estimations like glucose uptake, glycogen content, lactic acid production and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the extract and standard drug treated worms were studied to explore the mechanism of action.

Emerging Human Fascioliasis in India: Review of Case Reports, Climate Change Impact, and Geo-Historical Correlation Defining Areas and Seasons of High Infection Risk.

The trematodes and are transmitted by lymnaeid snails and cause fascioliasis in livestock and humans. Human infection is emerging in southern and southeastern Asia. In India, the number of case reports has increased since 1993.

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Fortification of Plant-Based Beverages to Enhance Their Nutritional Profile.

The growing popularity of a diverse range of plant-based beverages is entrenched in promoting health functionality and addressing ethical and environmental concerns. These beverages offer similar physico-chemical attributes to animal milk and are prepared using plant-based ingredients, such as soy, oats, almonds, rice, chickpeas, sesame seeds, and coconut. These beverages have many nutritional benefits but are deficient in certain nutrients such as essential amino acids, minerals, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Identifying potent inhibitors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis MabA (FabG1).

The surge in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains poses formidable challenges for tuberculosis treatment, emphasizing the pressing need to explore novel therapeutic agents. Mycolic acids, essential for bacterial cell wall formation, are synthesized by two fatty acid synthase (FAS) systems: FAS-I and FAS-II. MabA, an enzyme in the FAS-II system, is vital in the second step of fatty acid biosynthesis and is responsible for the elongation of mycolic acids.

Future flooding tolerant rice germplasm: Resilience afforded beyond Sub1A gene.

Developing high-yielding, flood-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties is essential for enhancing productivity and livelihoods in flood-prone ecologies. We explored genetic avenues beyond the well-known SUB1A gene to improve flood resilience in rice.

Dynamics of cytosolic and organellar gene transcripts in wild and cultivated genotypes of pigeon pea due to simulated herbivory.

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), widely grown in India, suffers significant yield losses due to pod borers (Helicoverpa armigera and Maruca vitrata). Therefore, studying the host resistance mechanism is pivotal for crop improvement. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analysis on two wild-type (WT) Cajanus scarabaeoides accessions (ICP-15761 and ICP-15738) having high levels of resistance to pod borers and two cultivated C.

Fermented banana feed and nanoparticles: a new eco-friendly, cost-effective potential green approach for poultry industry.

The quest for sustainable, alternative, and cost-effective biofeed resources has been driven by the increasing costs and environmental concerns linked to conventional poultry feed. The banana plant (Musa spp.), traditionally valued for its fruit, is gaining recognition as a versatile and sustainable resource for the livestock and poultry industry.

Molecular dynamics simulations reveal R399Q mutation disrupts XRCC1-polβ interaction, potentially impairing DNA base excision repair pathway.

Mutations in XRCC1 can disrupt essential protein-protein interactions required for DNA base excision repair, potentially leading to genomic instability and increased cancer risk. This study employs large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural and functional consequences of the R399Q mutation on interactions with DNA ligase IIIα and DNA polymerase β. The results reveal that while the mutant protein retains a stable interaction with DNA ligase IIIα, key residues such as Gly 511, Glu 538, Arg 564, Thr 567 and Ala 568, which form critical hydrogen bonds, exhibit subtle rearrangements.

Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India.

Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products.

Patho-Ecological Distribution and Genetic Diversity of f. sp. in Malbhog Banana Belts of Assam, India.

Fusarium wilt, caused by f. sp. (Foc), is recognized as one of the most devastating diseases affecting banana cultivation worldwide.

Assessment of economic burden of lumpy skin disease in India using stochastic modeling.

This study assessed the farm-level economic loss due to LSD in India and at disaggregate (state) level by collecting data from 2351 cattle farms covering seven states. Data were analyed using descriptive statistics and stochastic modeling with Monte Carlo simulations. Gujarat state reported the highest milk loss, with a median reduction of 74, 90, 60, 45, 15, 15, and 8 L per animal in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, and Odisha, respectively.

Systematic comprehension of genomics and mutational landscape of glioma: A goal towards advanced therapeutics.

We provide a systematic understanding of the mutation frequency, genetic profile, and functional implications of genes associated with glioma. Through an analysis of data from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and clinical information obtained from a diverse cohort of patients, we identified prominent mutated genes in glioma. PTEN, TP53, EGFR, and MUC16 emerged as the most frequently mutated, each exceeding a 10% occurrence rate.

Adoption of Multi-omics Approaches to Address Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice and Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Production.

Drought is considered one of the major limiting factors for crop production. Drought-affected areas are consistently expanding. As rice stands as a primary grain widely consumed as a staple food by people across the globe, with a particular prominence in Asian countries.