Image-enhanced endoscopy in upper GI tract: State-of-the-art review.

Early and accurate identification of upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remains a cornerstone for improving clinical outcomes. Conventional white light endoscopy, although the standard diagnostic modality, often fails to detect subtle premalignant and early neoplastic changes. Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) addresses these limitations by improving visualization of surface structures and vascular patterns.

Management of acute variceal bleeding: updated APASL guidelines.

Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is a common life-threatening complication of portal hypertension (PHT), having a six-week mortality of 10%-20%. Major advances in the hemodynamic management, risk stratification, pharmacotherapy, endoscopy techniques, hemostatic devices and radiological interventions have led to improved management and outcome of AVB patients in the recent past. Therefore, the APASL Portal Hypertension Working Party, chose a panel of experts, primarily from the Asia-Pacific region, to identify important developments and controversial areas in the field of AVB.

Single-center, prospective study evaluating safety and efficacy of a new endoscopic hemostat system in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background And Study Aims: Endoscopic spray therapy has been shown to be effective and safe in managing upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of the novel powder-based Resolv Endoscopic Hemostat System in managing UGIB.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, single-arm study conducted from July 2022 to February 2023.

Asia Pacific association of gastroenterology consensus statements on histopathological evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background: Mucosal histological activity is increasingly valued as a treatment endpoint in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the Asia Pacific region, the utility and acceptability of IBD histology as a treatment endpoint are uncertain due to the heterogeneity of IBD prevalence, resourcing and level of knowledge among practitioners. There is an opportunity to engage clinicians to harmonise histology reporting and collaborate with pathologists in this field.

A Pan-Indian survey on the interpretation of intestinal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease, and differentiating intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease from a pathologist's perspective.

Background: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in India, particularly that of Crohn's disease (CD). Histological examination is essential for disease evaluation.

Materials And Methods: This national survey invited registered members of the Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists who handle intestinal biopsies for IBD diagnosis to respond to 41 questions divided into two segments.

Type 3c diabetes associated with chronic pancreatitis: A narrative review.

Diabetes associated with pancreatic diseases is termed Type 3c DM (T3cDM). This is a unique entity that shares characteristics of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and has its own characteristics. The prevalence of T3cDM in the western population is less than 10 % of all diabetic patients.

FOLFIRINOX vs. Gemcitabine Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer: A Real-World Single-Center Analysis of Efficacy and Safety.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies, with limited real-world data comparing frontline chemotherapy regimens across disease stages. FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (G + P) are standard treatments with differing toxicity profiles and outcomes. This study evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of these regimens in metastatic, locally advanced (LAPC), and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC).

COVID-19 vaccination-infection status and immunological profile from India: A case study for prioritizing at risk population for targeted immunization.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's global impact was mitigated through rapid vaccine development, leading to a mix of natural and vaccination-derived immunity. The immunological profile in hybrid immunity remains less studied, especially in regions where non-mRNA vaccines were used. This study focuses on the immunological profiles and predictors of immune response in one such population.

World Endoscopy Organization's Response to the World Health Organization's Global Initiative on Artificial Intelligence for Health.

In response to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Initiative on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Health, the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) highlights the unique challenges and opportunities AI presents for gastrointestinal endoscopy, particularly in resource-limited settings. While AI technologies have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in high-resource environments, their implementation in low- and middle-income countries is hindered by infrastructural, economic, regulatory, and training barriers. This commentary explores how these challenges may exacerbate existing healthcare disparities, emphasizing the need for localized datasets, affordable AI models, simplified regulatory frameworks, and workforce capacity building.

Prosthetic Mechanical Mitral Valve Thrombosis Presenting With Severe Native Valve Aortic Regurgitation Successfully Treated With Thrombolysis.

• Prosthetic MV thrombus could contribute to acute severe AR. • Prosthetic MV thrombus may lead to formation of a native AV thrombus. • Thrombolysis may be a treatment option for complicated prosthetic valve thrombus.

Enhancement of Inpatient Mortality Prognostication With Machine Learning in a Prospective Global Cohort of Patients With Cirrhosis With External Validation.

Background & Aims: Cirrhosis is a major global burden requiring frequent hospitalizations and has high inpatient mortality. Traditional prognostic tools focused on inpatient mortality are affected by global disparities, which impacts timely management. We aimed to deploy machine learning (ML) approaches to enhance inpatient mortality prognostication.

Endoscopic closure of Gastrointestinal defects: Devices and Techniques.

Introduction: Advancements in therapeutic endoscopy have expanded the management of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Procedures such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) frequently result in iatrogenic GI defects requiring secure closure to prevent complications like bleeding and perforation. While through-the-scope clips (TTSCs) are effective for small defects, larger or full-thickness defects necessitate alternative closure techniques.

Pancreatic duct calculi: pathophysiology and management.

Purpose Of Review: Pancreatic ductal calculi (PDC) are a defining feature of chronic pancreatitis and contribute significantly to morbidity through pain and ductal obstruction. This review provides a timely update on the evolving understanding of PDC pathogenesis and highlights current and emerging strategies for their management.

Recent Findings: Stone formation in chronic pancreatitis is multifactorial, involving altered pancreatic juice composition, reduced lithostatic proteins, genetic predispositions, and environmental risk factors such as alcohol and smoking.

Management of the Disconnected Pancreatic Duct in Pancreatic Necrosis.

Disconnected pancreatic duct (DPD) and the associated syndrome are increasingly recognized as complications of severe pancreatitis. Despite the increased appreciation for this disorder and its treatment, there remain many questions regarding definition, diagnosis, and management. We utilized the expertise of the U.

Acute pancreatitis: Translating early mechanisms to bedside management.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a burgeoning challenge. The first week of the disease is generally considered early AP. Events that occur during this phase can determine the magnitude of subsequent events.

International Association of Pancreatology Revised Guidelines on Acute Pancreatitis 2025: Supported and Endorsed by the American Pancreatic Association, European Pancreatic Club, Indian Pancreas Club, and Japan Pancreas Society.

Introduction: The International Association of Pancreatology, alongside the American Pancreatic Association, the European Pancreatic Club, the Indian Pancreas Club, and the Japan Pancreas Society, decided to update its earlier guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis (AP) given the remarkable advances in our understanding of AP and its management over the last decade.

Methods: These organizations put together a group of international experts to address important issues related to the management of AP. Guideline Development Groups comprising international domain experts framed clinically relevant questions and conducted thorough literature searches and systematic reviews to address the questions.