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A porous KVPOF/reduced graphene oxide (KVPF/rGO) microgrid aerogel electrode is designed and fabricated using direct ink writing 3D printing for high-performance potassium-ion battery cathodes. This 3D-printed KVPF/rGO aerogel electrode, which integrates well-dispersed KVPOF microspheres in the reduced graphene oxide matrix, shows enhanced structural integrity and electrical conductivity, thereby facilitating efficient ion and electron transport. The KVPF/rGO electrode achieves a reversible discharge capacity of 99.0 mAh g at a current density of 50 mA g in the voltage range between 2.0 and 5.0 V. It retains 93.9% of its capacity after 100 cycles and delivers a discharge capacity of 72.6 mAh g at a high current density of 500 mA g, demonstrating good rate capability. The role of rGO in improving charge transfer and minimizing polarization is demonstrated. The flexibility of the 3D-printed electrodes is validated by fabricating soft-pack batteries, which maintain stable performance under mechanical stress, an essential requirement for wearable electronics. The results highlight the large potential of 3D printing technology to enhance the properties and flexibility of potassium-ion batteries and pave the way for future advancements in energy storage devices.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202505135 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Aqueous Battery Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Shanghai Wusong Laboratory of Materials Science, College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as an appealing, sustainable and cost-effective candidate for grid-scale energy storage due to abundant K resources and reversible K de/intercalation in graphite anodes (KC, 279 mAh g). However, their practical operation suffers from sluggish kinetics and severe capacity deterioration in traditional carbonate electrolytes. Herein, ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) and methyl (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (FEMC) are introduced as cosolvents to rejuvenate conventionally low-concentration (1 M) 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Chongqing Research Institute, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China.
Controlling the electrode-electrolyte interfacial behavior is crucial for achieving a high-quality solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and ensuring sustainable battery performance. Here, we propose a selective catalysis strategy to stabilize antimony atom-cluster (Sb) anode/electrolyte interface for robust potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Specifically, the electrode featuring Sb in porous carbon (Sb/PC) as "electrocatalyst" unduly catalyzes the reduction of the dimethyl ether-based electrolyte, resulting in loose SEI layer and rapid capacity decay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
September 2025
Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
A porous KVPOF/reduced graphene oxide (KVPF/rGO) microgrid aerogel electrode is designed and fabricated using direct ink writing 3D printing for high-performance potassium-ion battery cathodes. This 3D-printed KVPF/rGO aerogel electrode, which integrates well-dispersed KVPOF microspheres in the reduced graphene oxide matrix, shows enhanced structural integrity and electrical conductivity, thereby facilitating efficient ion and electron transport. The KVPF/rGO electrode achieves a reversible discharge capacity of 99.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemphyschem
September 2025
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China.
With the rapid development of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, metal-ion batteries, especially lithium/sodium/potassium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs/PIBs), have become a research hotspot because of their high energy density and cycle stability. The battery system primarily comprises three key components: negative electrode material, positive electrode material, electrolyte, and diaphragm. The selection of the negative electrode material will directly impact the battery's energy density.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
August 2025
College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
N-doped porous carbon materials are promising potassium-ion battery anodes for overcoming the depressing rate performance and poor cycling stability issues associated with the oversized radius of K-ion. However, the relatively low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) as a result of porous structure and doped heteroatoms may limit the future application of potassium-ion batteries. Herein, a novel N-doped porous graphite-like carbon armored with dense amorphous shell is synthesized through a Trojan horse strategy by etching and doping the carbon matrix from inside out using oxidized coal tar pitch coated CN as precursor.
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