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Primary adrenal melanoma is an exceedingly rare diagnosis. We present a case of primary left adrenal melanoma with rapid and extensive distant metastasis. The patient underwent a biopsy of the left adrenal tumor, and pathological analysis confirmed malignant melanoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive cytoplasmic reactivity for Melan A, HMB45, and SOX-10. We also review relevant cases reported in the English literature and discuss the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses, and potential management strategies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1654218 | DOI Listing |
Front Oncol
August 2025
Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Primary adrenal melanoma is an exceedingly rare diagnosis. We present a case of primary left adrenal melanoma with rapid and extensive distant metastasis. The patient underwent a biopsy of the left adrenal tumor, and pathological analysis confirmed malignant melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
General Medicine, King's College Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, GBR.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape of advanced melanoma; however, their clinical benefit is tempered by a widening spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine dysfunction. Among these, hypophysitis and adrenal insufficiency remain under-recognised, yet potentially life-threatening complications. We describe a case of secondary adrenal insufficiency in a 78-year-old female with unresectable Stage IIIC acral melanoma treated with nivolumab and relatlimab.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Nucl Med
August 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) in detecting metastatic conjunctival melanoma (CM).
Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 67 patients with histopathologically confirmed CM who underwent F-FDG PET/CT for follow-up or suspected recurrence. Parameters including short-axis diameter of lesions, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), the target-to-nontarget (T/NT) ratios of cervical lymph nodes, and bone lesion characterization (osteolytic, osteoblastic, or unchanged) were evaluated.
Eur J Pharmacol
October 2025
College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:
In 2022, the FDA approved nivolumab-relatlimab for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma. In the present study, we conducted a living pharmacovigilance study, integrating data from clinical trials and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, to assess the safety profile of nivolumab-relatlimab. Treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) in trials of nivolumab-relatlimab available in electronic databases were systematically searched.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnticancer Agents Med Chem
July 2025
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Introduction: Melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, has seen treatment advancements with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like ipilimumab and nivolumab. Despite improved survival rates, resistance remains a challenge. The recent focus on lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) inhibitors, such as relatlimab, shows promise in combination therapies, potentially improving outcomes with fewer adverse effects.
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