Optimization and extraction kinetic modeling of antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids from and rind.

The optimization for the extraction of bioactive compounds from (GC) and (nutmeg rind (NM)) using Peleg's kinetic model with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was observed. The extraction efficiency was assessed through Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoids (TF), and Antioxidant activity. The effect of particle size, temperature, and solvent concentration on extraction performance was facilitated by RSM. The kinetics of both initial rapid solute release and eventual equilibrium phase were carried out using Peleg's model. The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy of TPC values with  = 0.985 and Root Mean Square Error (RSME) = 0.90 μg Gallic Acid Equivalence/mL (μg GAE/mL) and TF values with  = 0.907 and RSME = 0.752 μg Quercetin Equivalence/mL (μg QE/mL) and  = 0.961 and RSME = 0.316% for antioxidant activity for . Similarly, a satisfactory fit was observed for ( = 0.971; RMSE = 11.19 μg GAE/mL), ( = 0.0.571 and RSME = 0.266 μg QE/mL), and ( = 0.923 and RSME = 0.511%), respectively. The close agreement between observed and predicted values supports the robustness of Peleg's model and RSM in optimizing extraction parameters.