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Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgels serve as promising bioscaffolds for tissue engineering and drug screening. However, conventional solid GelMA microgels often exhibit limited mass transfer efficiency and provide insufficient protection for embedded cells. In this study, we developed a droplet-based microfluidic platform to fabricate core-shell structured GelMA microgels. This system enabled precise control over microgel size and core-to-shell ratio by modulating flow rates. Encapsulation of A549 cells within these core-shell microgels preserved cellular viability and facilitated the formation of three-dimensional tumor spheroids. These outcomes confirmed both the protective function of the core-shell architecture during encapsulation and the overall biocompatibility of the microgels. The developed GelMA core-shell microgel system presents considerable applicability in research domains such as organoid modeling and high-throughput pharmacological screening.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153305 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States.
Hydrogel-based bioinks are widely adopted in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Modulating their mechanical properties is especially beneficial in biomedical applications, such as directing cell activity toward tissue regeneration and healing. However, in both monolithic and granular hydrogels, the tunability of mechanical properties is limited to parameters such as cross-linking or packing density.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
August 2025
School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgels serve as promising bioscaffolds for tissue engineering and drug screening. However, conventional solid GelMA microgels often exhibit limited mass transfer efficiency and provide insufficient protection for embedded cells. In this study, we developed a droplet-based microfluidic platform to fabricate core-shell structured GelMA microgels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Control Release
September 2025
Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China; Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruij
Critical-sized bone defects present significant clinical challenges due to insufficient stem cell recruitment, epigenetic suppression of osteogenesis, and inadequate mineralization. Among the epigenetic suppression mechanisms, upregulated MEG3 specifically recruits the epigenetic regulator EZH2 to block the transcription of β-catenin, a core gene for bone regeneration. To regulate MEG3 in vivo effectively, we used microfluidics to develop in situ continuous MEG3-silencing ossification micro-units (MSOMs) that integrate "material-gene-biofactor" tri-coupling into a unified biomaterial system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMater Today Bio
June 2025
Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea.
The multifaceted tissue interplay between skin and adipose structures is increasingly recognized to play crucial roles in antimicrobial defense, hair cycling, wound healing, and thermogenesis. However, the technical challenges associated with the development of an model of such complex tissues include the difficulties of integrating tissues with diverse characteristics. Here, we present a method using a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to establish a microenvironment that hosts connected composite tissues: a vascularized skin layer and a subcutaneous adipose layer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Healthc Mater
June 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) granular hydrogel scaffolds (GHS) outperform their bulk, nanoporous hydrogel counterparts in regenerative engineering as a result of cell-scale tunable interconnected void spaces among assembled microgel building blocks. Conventional GelMA GHS fabrication is based on jamming physically crosslinked GelMA microgels below the sol-gel transition temperature, followed by chemical crosslinking to form inter- and intra-microgel covalent bonds. Thus, the in situ formation of GelMA GHS on tissues is impaired by the phase transition (dissolution) of physically crosslinked microgels at the physiological temperature.
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