Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated macrophages: A key driver of functional polarization and tumor immunomodulation.

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China. Electronic address:

Published: August 2025


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Article Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal immunoregulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). They play a central role in tumor progression through dynamic regulation of metabolic reprogramming, especially lipid metabolism. TAMs switch between pro-tumor (M2) and anti-tumor (M1) phenotypes through a high degree of plasticity. This process is regulated by fatty acid oxidation (FAO), cholesterol homeostasis and phospholipid metabolism. Targeting TAMs lipid metabolism provides a new strategy for remodeling the anti-tumor tumor microenvironment, and its synergistic effect with tumor immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors is expected to be a new direction for precision tumor therapy.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104881DOI Listing

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