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We applied a three-dimensional framework to the standard electrocardiogram and showed that conventional precordial deflections are discrete projections of a continuous spatial reference. Using only two leads and rotating this reference system, we tracked the morphological progression of QRS-T. In individuals without electrical abnormalities, spatial continuity was preserved with predominantly single, spheroidal loops, while right bundle branch block cases showed frequent disruptions. This method allowed tracking of deflections and notches, providing a geometric alternative to planar analysis for assessing R-wave progression, a parameter with clinical relevance due to its link with sudden cardiac death and other major cardiac conditions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2025.154047 | DOI Listing |
Heart Rhythm
August 2025
Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
Background: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) requires deep lead implantation within the septum to engage the left-sided conduction system. While LBBAP is effective, its impact on septal contractility remains uncertain.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of deep septal lead deployment on septal contraction and activation sequence during LBBAP.
J Clin Med
August 2025
Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disorder characterized by structural and functional myocardial alterations, often accompanied by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), which may ultimately result in sudden cardiac death (SCD). While mutations in genes coding for desmosomal components are commonly identified in affected individuals, genetic variants involving non-desmosomal proteins have recently been recognized as contributors to the disease's etiology. In 2008, a mutation in the transmembrane protein 43 () was identified as being responsible for a fully penetrant, sex-related, and severe form of ACM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
July 2025
School of Optometry, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
The rising prevalence of myopia has underscored the importance of early diagnosis and effective management strategies to control its progression and to prevent complications. Advancements in instrumentation enable clinicians to provide individualized evidence-based care for patients. Instrumentation for myopia control encompasses a wide range of technologies designed to assess refractive error, biometric parameters, including axial length, accommodative responses, as well as detailed assessment of ocular health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Electrocardiol
August 2025
Riojan Health Service, Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. Electronic address:
We applied a three-dimensional framework to the standard electrocardiogram and showed that conventional precordial deflections are discrete projections of a continuous spatial reference. Using only two leads and rotating this reference system, we tracked the morphological progression of QRS-T. In individuals without electrical abnormalities, spatial continuity was preserved with predominantly single, spheroidal loops, while right bundle branch block cases showed frequent disruptions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Electrocardiol
September 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China. Electronic address:
Background: The electrocardiograms (ECGs) serve as a critical and routine screening tool of non-invasive imaging for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. Our study aims to summarize and investigate the electrocardiographic characteristics of newly diagnosed DMD children.
Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study to collect all DMD children diagnosed through genetic testing at Tianjin Children's Hospital from July 2018 to December 2023.