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Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide and is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of tumor cells, immune infiltrates, fibroblasts, and vascular components, is critically involved in tumor initiation, metastatic progression, and therapeutic response. In recent years, therapies targeting the TME have undergone rapid advancements, with the objective of enhancing antitumor immunity. Concurrently, mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in modulating host immunity, influencing metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, and immune equilibrium. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiome influence breast cancer progression and patients' responses to immunotherapy. Therefore, modulating the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to enhance the clinical outcomes of TME-targeted immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its derived metabolites on breast cancer progression and immunotherapy prognosis and explore potential strategies to optimize immunotherapy through gut microbiota modulation.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149186 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1591745 | DOI Listing |
BMC Microbiol
September 2025
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Background: A plant-focused, healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet enriched with dietary fiber, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fats, is well known to positively influence the gut microbiota. Conversely, a processed diet high in saturated fats and sugars negatively impacts gut diversity, potentially leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Despite this understanding, the mechanisms by which the Mediterranean diet impacts the gut microbiota and its associated health benefits remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr
September 2025
University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MICALIS, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France. Electronic address:
This review explores the century-long trajectory of gut microbiome research and its contribution to shaping our modern diet. It further highlights the transformative potential of current discoveries to revolutionize future dietary habits and nutritional practices. From the pioneering work of E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr
September 2025
Institute of Food and One Health, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
Background: Dietary fiber supports metabolic health via microbial fermentation, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, metabolic responses to fiber vary between individuals, potentially due to differences in gut microbiota composition. The Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio has emerged as a potential biomarker for fiber responsiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFish Shellfish Immunol
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, State Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Universi
Metaflammation, a chronic immune response triggered by metabolic dysregulation, poses significant threats to gut-liver homeostasis in aquaculture species. To understand the progression of metaflammation, it is crucial to examine the role of SOCS8 deficiency in socs8 zebrafish, as this species may serve as a disease model for metabolic disorders due to the gradual dysregulation of immunity, metabolism, and the gut microbiota observed in them. This study examines the immune-metabolic crosstalk in grass carp, subjected to soybean meal-induced enteritis, and in socs8 zebrafish under genetic and dietary stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAgeing Res Rev
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. Electronic address:
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications following surgery, especially in elderly patients, and are characterized by memory loss, attention deficits, and impaired executive function. The pathogenesis of PNDs involves a complex interplay of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, epigenetic modifications, and gut-brain axis disruption. This review summarizes the latest findings on the mechanisms underlying PNDs, with a focus on microglial activation, interleukin imbalance, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.
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