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This study aimed to investigate the genotypes, structures, physicochemical properties, in vitro antioxidants, and digestive properties of isolated goat, donkey, and cow β-casein (β-CN). The β-CN genotypes of goats and donkeys are not cow type A1 β-CN, avoiding the unfavorable effects on intestinal digestion of BCM-7, a peptide fragment produced by the digestion of cow type A1 β-CN from bovine milk. Goat and donkey β-CN exhibited a smaller particle size, a more stable solution system, a looser secondary structure, and better solubility than cow β-CN. The microstructural findings from simulations of in vitro digestion in infants revealed that goat β-CN exhibited superior digestibility, characterized by reduced flocculation and a more loosely organized protein structure during the gastric digestion phase. Furthermore, the degree of hydrolysis indicated that both goat and donkey β-CN were significantly more readily digested compared to cow β-CN. Moreover, donkey β-CN gastrointestinal digests possessed significant anti-free radical activity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102543 | DOI Listing |
Vet Med Sci
September 2025
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, an obligate intracellular parasite of warm-blooded animals; the definitive host is cats and felines. Transmission of this parasite in herbivorous intermediate hosts occurs through contaminated water and forage by the oocyst stage of the parasite, and in cats and humans, it occurs through eating contaminated meat and milk by the cystic stage, tachyzoite and oocyst of the parasite. Some people consume the milk of various animals, including cows, sheep, goats, camels and donkeys.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLOS Glob Public Health
August 2025
Washington State University Global Health - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Livestock geotrackers are increasingly used for public health research, particularly within the field of One Health, to draw inference on pathogen exposure and human risk from livestock movement data. There are many dozens, if not hundreds, of devices available to researchers, including devices purpose built for livestock such as collars, ear tags, rumen boluses (placed in the forestomach of a ruminant), or other formats; those intended for wildlife but suitable for livestock; and devices intended for other geotracking applications which can be retrofitted for livestock. To assist other researchers in navigating the wealth of available options, we present here our experiences with six devices-four intended for livestock, one intended for wildlife, and one intended for humans- applied to cattle, camels, sheep, goats, and donkeys in rural locations in Eastern and Southern Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
July 2025
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in children, typically resolving by adolescence. In contrast, the clinical spectrum of allergies to non-cow mammalian milk and their patterns of IgE cross-reactivity are less well documented. Nutritional differences between various mammalian milks may also impact dietary management in milk-allergic patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiology (Basel)
June 2025
College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China.
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily plays a crucial role in regulating female reproductive traits, particularly litter size, in small ruminants, such as sheep and goats. This review comprehensively examines the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β superfamily members-including bone morphogenetic proteins (), growth differentiation factor 9 (), inhibin ( and ), and associated signaling genes-influence ovarian follicular development, ovulation rate, and ultimately, litter size. We synthesize recent findings on polymorphisms in key genes, such as , , and family genes, across diverse sheep and goat breeds worldwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Vet Sci
September 2025
Indian Council of Medical Research-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Hyderabad 500101, Telangana, India.
Annually, around 100 million vertebrate animals are utilized globally in biomedical research, with rodents, specifically mice and rats, being the most commonly used animals in laboratory settings. While rodent models have substantially advanced our understanding of basic biological mechanisms, the translation of these findings often benefits from the use of large animal models, which offer several key advantages for bridging preclinical research to human applications. Thus, domestic animals are increasingly recognized as valuable laboratory animal models to mirror human diseases, assess pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and biologics; conduct xenotransplantation to alleviate human organ shortages; evaluate medical devices; test new surgical techniques; and assist in medical imaging research (X-ray, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging).
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