Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks.

Nat Commun

Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.

Published: May 2025


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Article Abstract

Entanglement significantly enhances the mechanical performance and functionality of both natural and synthetic materials. However, developing straightforward, versatile strategies for creating high-performance entangled polymer materials remains a challenge. Here, a co-initiating-system dual-mechanism strategy is designed for fabricating printable entangled polymer multinetworks. This thermal-light dual-initiation process benefits the synthesis of high-molecular-weight polymers and promotes the rapid formation of multinetworks within hydrogels. The resulting long polymer chains enable hydrogels with higher mechanical performance, lower stress relaxation, and activation energy compared to short polymer chain-contained samples. Such a method proves more effective than traditional self-thickening and strengthening techniques for enhancing hydrogel entanglements and is also compatible with additive manufacturing, enabling the design of complex 2D webs with adaptive mechanical performance and capable of detecting and sensing applications. This work provides an effective strategy for designing high-performance entangled polymer materials, which are set to impact numerous fields, from advanced sensing to material science and beyond.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069718PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59669-3DOI Listing

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