Effect of Brain Computer Interface Training on Frontoparietal Network Function for Young People: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

Aims: Inattention in young people is one of the main reasons for their declining learning ability. Frontoparietal networks (FPNs) are associated with attention and executive function. Brain computer interface (BCI) training has been applied in neurorehabilitation, but there is a lack of research on its application to cognition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BCI on the attention network in healthy young adults.

Methods: Twenty-seven healthy people performed BCI training for 5 consecutive days. An attention network test (ANT) was performed at baseline and immediately after the fifth day of training and included simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy recording.

Results: BCI performance improved significantly after BCI training (p = 0.005). The efficiencies of the alerting and executive control networks were enhanced after BCI training (p = 0.032 and 0.003, respectively). The functional connectivity in the bilateral prefrontal cortices and the right posterior parietal cortex increased significantly after BCI training (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that repetitive BCI training could improve attention and induce lasting neuroplastic changes in FPNs. It might be a promising rehabilitative strategy for clinical populations with attention deficits. The right PPC may also be an effective target for neuromodulation in diseases with attention deficits.