Residual Pulmonary Valve Disease Following Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot-Is Stenosis Better Than Regurgitation?

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg

Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.

Published: September 2025


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Article Abstract

BackgroundResidual pulmonary valve disease (PVD) including pulmonary stenosis (PS), pulmonary regurgitation (PR), or both remains a known complication following repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We sought to clarify prevalence, progression, and prognostic impact of residual PVD.MethodsWe identified consecutive patients who underwent repair of TOF at our institution between January 2004 and July 2023. Based on echocardiographic measurements following repair, residual PVD was defined: nonsevere PVD (PS < 25 mm Hg; PR

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