The Effect of Different pH and Temperature Values on Ca, F, PO, OH, Si, and Sr Release from Different Bioactive Restorative Dental Materials: An In Vitro Study.

Bioactive restorative materials are crucial for promoting remineralization and protecting dental tissues through ion release. This study examines how pH and temperature influence the short- and long-term ion (F, Ca, Sr, OH, Si, and PO) release from seven commercial materials: , , , , , , and . Disks were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions; immersed in buffer solutions at pH 4.8, 6.8, and 8.8; and stored at 37 °C and 44 °C. Ion release was measured after 1, 7, and 28 days using ion chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results revealed that ion release was significantly affected by pH, temperature, and exposure time. The highest fluoride (40.14 ± 0.32 mg/L) and calcium (74.23 ± 0.37 mg/L) releases were observed in at pH 4.8 and 44 °C after 28 days, with the highest strontium release (5.87 ± 0.06 mg/L) occurring under the same conditions. In contrast, silicon release peaked in (31.72 ± 0.68 mg/L) at pH 4.8 and 37 °C. These findings highlight the impact of environmental factors on material performance, assisting clinicians in selecting optimal restorative materials for long-term dental health.