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TGF-β is a pivotal cytokine that orchestrates various aspects of cancer progression, including tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in cancer biology, focusing on its intricate interactions with monocytes and macrophages within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We specifically discuss how TGF-β modulates monocyte and macrophage activities, leading to immunosuppression and tumor progression. We conclude with the current translational and clinical efforts targeting TGF-β, recognizing the promising role of this strategy in immunooncology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2024.2411998 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose: We aimed to compare the effects of atelocollagen (AC) and individual growth factors on the expression of key molecular markers associated with tendon healing.
Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and treated with 1 nM or 10 nM of Atelocollagen (AC), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 5 days. After 5 days of treatment, cells were harvested from the culture medium, and Western blot analysis was performed to quantify the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), Collagen type I (Col I), Collagen type Ⅲ (Col Ⅲ), and Tenascin C (TnC).
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
This study aimed to identify the biomarkers that was associated with the postoperative incisional pain in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery (ACC-LC). Sixty ACC-LC patients were enrolled and divided into mild pain (MP) and moderate-to-severe pain (MSP) groups based on their visual analog scale (VAS) scores 24 hours postoperatively. RNA sequencing was used to screen the potential pain associated markers, and ELISA were used to analyze the expression of one identified marker, CXCR5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiver Int
October 2025
TGF-Beta and Cancer Group - Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Background And Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. TGF-β is a promising therapeutic target, but its dual role, as both a tumour suppressor and promoter, complicates its clinical application. While its effects on tumour cells are increasingly understood, its impact on the tumour stroma remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Cardiovasc Med
August 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 030032 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha (AMPK) subunit is the catalytic subunit in the AMPK complex and includes both 1 and 2 isoforms. Phosphorylation of upstream kinases at the Thr172 site in the -subunit is critical for AMPK activation. The kinases upstream of AMPK include liver kinase B1 (LKB1), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK), and transforming growth factor -activated kinase 1 (TAK1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Immunol
September 2025
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Suzhou East Road No. 789, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China. Electronic address:
Hypoxia plays a critical role in regulating the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), important components of TIME, can be regulated by hypoxic conditions. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates TAMs in TIME to affect NSCLC progression has not been fully delineated.
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