Use of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors for Ocular Surface Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Ocular surface disorders (OSDs) can severely affect vision and quality of life. Autologous blood products, such as plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), are recently available to treat OSDs refractory to traditional therapies. This review aims to summarize the efficacy and safety of PRGF in OSDs.

Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The protocol was established a priori and published on PROSPERO (CRD42024522119). MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for primary articles until February 6, 2024. Primary outcomes included slit-lamp examination findings and patient-reported outcomes. Secondary outcomes included visual outcomes and adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and ROBINS-I tools.

Results: Twenty-two studies involving 1158 eyes were included. PRGF showed notable improvement in objective and subjective outcomes in OSDs. Comparative studies did not show PRGF to be superior to a standard steroid taper for dry eye disease. However, the use of PRGF was also reported in persistent epithelial defects and corneal ulcerations. In these conditions, there were high rates of complete healing and reduced corneal staining. PRGF has also been reported to improve ocular surface healing and stability when used as an adjunct to refractive and pterygium surgeries. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions: PRGF has potential as an effective treatment of OSDs resistant to traditional therapies with minimal safety concerns. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to better evaluate the role of PRGF within the treatment armamentarium for corneal pathologies.