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This review discusses available evidence on the mechanisms of action of bacterial lysates, and the clinical effects of their sublingual administration. Bacterial lysates act through many immunological effects, including dendritic cell activation, modification of circulating lymphocyte subsets and antibody production. The production of salivary IgA was repeatedly shown to be induced by the sublingual administration of a prototype bacterial lysate containing soluble and corpuscular antigens. Bacterial lysates are a useful tool for the prevention of recurrent respiratory tract infections. Sublingual administration should be the preferred option.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7573/dic.2024-1-5 | DOI Listing |
bioRxiv
August 2025
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States.
Structural analyses of ribosomes by single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) have traditionally relied on purified or reconstituted samples, with particles often trapped in desired states using genetic, pharmacological, or biochemical perturbations. While informative, such methods often fail to capture the full diversity of structural states and associated protein factors present in cells. In contrast, cryo-electron tomography preserves cellular context but is limited by low throughput and modest resolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Enzymol
August 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Formylmethionine (fMet) plays crucial roles across bacterial and eukaryotic systems, contributing to protein translation, degradation, complex formation, stress adaptation, disease progression, and immune response. However, detecting fMet-bearing (fMet-) peptides and proteins has remained challenging due to the lack of effective anti-pan-fMet antibodies. We developed a polyclonal pan-fMet-specific antibody using a single antigen peptide, fMet-Gly-Ser-Gly-Cys pentapeptide, and a mixed antigen peptide, fMet-Xaa-Cys (Xaa, any of the 20 amino acids) tripeptides, as the immunogen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicroorganisms
August 2025
Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Biotechnological research increasingly focuses on developing new drugs to counter the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains in hospitals. This study aimed to create bacterial lysates from antibiotic-resistant pathogens isolated from patients and medical instruments across hospital departments. Identification was performed based on morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the BLAST algorithm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
January 2026
Biology Department, University College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely studied for cancer therapy due to their biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties. However, limitations in cellular uptake and biological activity remain. Green synthesis using bacterial extracts offers a sustainable alternative that may improve therapeutic outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosens Bioelectron
August 2025
China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621000, China. Electronic address:
Aberrant DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) activity correlates with abnormal DNA methylation patterns observed in various cancers, establishing DNA MTase as a therapeutic target for early clinical diagnosis and anticancer/antimicrobial treatment. Current DNA MTase detection methods remain laborious and technically challenging. This study presents a label-free, single-molecule nanopore sensing strategy for sensitive Dam MTase detection utilizing a DNA-polyarginine (DNA-R5) probe.
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