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Here, we describe a protocol based on semi-site-specific primer PCR (3SP-PCR) to access unknown flanking DNA sequences. We specify the guidelines for designing primers for 3SP-PCR. We also describe experimental procedures for the 3SP-PCR, along with PCR product purification and subsequent sequencing and analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wei et al..
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102864 | DOI Listing |
Microbiol Spectr
September 2025
Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. During the lytic phase of herpesviruses, viral capsids form in the host cell nucleus, and the replicated viral genome is packaged into these capsids. The herpesviral genome is replicated as a precursor head-to-tail concatemer consisting of tandemly repeated genomic units, each flanked by terminal repeats (TRs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
August 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Lipoproteins are a defining feature of extracellular bacterial membrane surfaces. Acylation of an invariant -terminal cysteine residue tethers proteins to the cell surface, where they participate in many cellular processes occurring at the membrane-environment interface. Lipoproteins also double as key ligands for bacterial detection by the mammalian innate immune system, which when bound by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) complexes orchestrate a pro-inflammatory response to clear infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant J
July 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
The leaf apex, the distal end of the leaf blade, exhibits enormous variation in shapes across plant species. Among these diverse morphologies, the sharp apex, characterized by its pointed and elongated tip, is important for both species identification and environmental adaptation. Despite its taxonomic and ecological importance, the developmental mechanisms underlying the formation of a sharp apex remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
August 2025
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
Aldolases hold potential as biocatalysts for the synthesis of novel steroid pharmaceuticals. The steroid aldolase from Comamonas testosteroni (CtSal) forms a complex with C. testosteroni steroid hydratase (CtShy).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
July 2025
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Amylopectin, the primary form of starch in plant leaves, seeds and tubers, features a tree-like architecture with branched glucose chains. Excess branches result in the formation of soluble phytoglycogen instead of starch granules. In higher plants and green algae, the debranching enzyme isoamylase ISA1 forms either homomultimer or hetero-multimer with ISA2 to facilitate branch trimming and starch granule formation, but the molecular basis remains largely unknown.
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