CNGC2 Negatively Regulates Stomatal Closure and Is Not Required for flg22- and HO-Induced Guard Cell [Ca] Elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

In guard cells, cytosolic Ca acts as a second messenger that mediates abscisic acid (ABA)- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-induced stomatal closure. It was reported that Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (CNGC2) functions as hydrogen peroxide (HO)- and PAMP-activated Ca-permeable channels at the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells and mediates Ca-dependent PAMP-triggered immunity. In this study, we examined the role of CNGC2 in the regulation of stomatal movement because CNGC2 is also expressed in guard cells.

Biregionally differentiated growth generates sharp apex and concave joints in leaves.

The leaf apex, the distal end of the leaf blade, exhibits enormous variation in shapes across plant species. Among these diverse morphologies, the sharp apex, characterized by its pointed and elongated tip, is important for both species identification and environmental adaptation. Despite its taxonomic and ecological importance, the developmental mechanisms underlying the formation of a sharp apex remain unknown.

Adhesion and shrinkage transform the rounded pupal horn into an angular adult horn in Japanese rhinoceros beetle.

Clarifying the mechanisms underlying shape alterations during insect metamorphosis is important for understanding exoskeletal morphogenesis. The large horn of the Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus is the result of drastic metamorphosis, wherein it appears as a rounded shape during pupation and then undergoes remodeling into an angular adult shape. However, the mechanical mechanisms underlying this remodeling process remain unknown.

Hangeshashinto-Associated Mesenteric Phlebosclerosis and Highly Atypical Adenoma Requiring Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy.

Mesenteric phlebosclerosis is a rare ischemic colonic disorder caused by impaired venous drainage. Its prevalence is higher in East Asia, where herbal medicine is widely used. Treatment remains controversial.

Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Migration of Fractured Metal Stent in Patients with Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.

Gastroduodenal stenting (GDS) is a less invasive alternative to gastrojejunostomy for the management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mGOO). GDS is a minimally invasive treatment with good technical and clinical success, and severe complications that require surgical intervention are rare. Stent fracture is an uncommon complication associated with GDS; however, migration of the fractured distal segment can result in small bowel obstruction.

Unveiling the role of differential growth in 3D morphogenesis: An inference method to analyze area expansion rate distribution in biological systems.

The three-dimensional (3D) morphologies of many organs in organisms, such as the curved shapes of leaves and flowers, the branching structure of lungs, and the exoskeletal shape of insects, are formed through surface growth. Although differential growth, a mode of surface growth, has been qualitatively identified as 3D morphogenesis, a quantitative understanding of the mechanical contribution of differential growth is lacking. To address this, we developed a quantitative inference method to analyze the distribution of the area expansion rate, which governs the growth of surfaces into 3D morphology.

Cell-center-based model for simulating three-dimensional monolayer tissue deformation.

The shape of the epithelial monolayer can be depicted as a curved tissue in three-dimensional (3D) space, where individual cells are tightly adhered to one another. The 3D morphogenesis of these tissues is governed by cell dynamics, and a variety of mathematical modeling and simulation studies have been conducted to investigate this process. One promising approach is the cell-center model, which can account for the discreteness of cells.

Position of meristems and the angles of the cell division plane regulate the uniqueness of lateral organ shape.

Leaf meristem is a cell proliferative zone present in the lateral organ primordia. In this study, we examined how cell proliferative zones in primordia of planar floral organs and polar auxin transport inhibitor (PATI)-treated leaf organs differ from those of non-treated foliage leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, with a focus on the accumulation pattern of ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) protein, a key element for leaf meristem positioning. We found that PATI-induced leaf shape changes were correlated with cell division angle but not with meristem positioning/size or AN3 localisation.

Acute Calculous Cholecystitis Caused by : A Case Report.

Acute cholecystitis is an infectious disease of the gallbladder caused mainly by , , and species. , previously known as biotype II/2, rarely causes endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia, mainly in children. Biliary tract infections by are extremely rare.

Three semi-selective media for Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and P. cannabina pv. alisalensis.

Three semi-selective media, DTarTA, SPbc, and SPamt, were developed and tested to isolate Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) and P. cannabina pv.

Intratemporal Facial Nerve Schwannomas: A Review of 45 Cases in A Single Center.

There are no established indications for facial nerve schwannoma treatment, including surgery, radiation and follow-up observation, and it is difficult to determine treatment policy uniformly. The treatment policy was examined from each treatment course. Data of patients with facial nerve schwannomas at our hospital from 1987 to 2018 were retrospectively examined.

Impact of environmental asymmetry on epithelial morphogenesis.

Epithelial folding is a universal biological phenomenon in morphogenesis, typical examples being brain gyri, villi of the intestinal tract, and imaginal discs in invertebrates. During epithelial morphogenesis, the physical constraints imposed by the surrounding microenvironment on epithelial tissue play critical roles in folding morphology. In this study, we focused on the asymmetry of the environmental constraints sandwiching the epithelial sheet and introduced the degree of asymmetry, which indicates whether the basal or apical side of the epithelium is closer to the constraint wall.

Acute necrotizing calculous cholecystitis after treatment with ceftriaxone in an elderly patient: a case report.

Background: Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a long plasma half-life, is widely used to treat various infections. The use of ceftriaxone can sometimes induce biliary sludge or stone formation. Although most cases of ceftriaxone-induced pseudolithiasis are asymptomatic or mild and resolve with discontinuation of the drug, we experienced an elderly case of severe acute necrotizing calculous cholecystitis after administration of ceftriaxone.

Morphological Analyses of Colorectal Adenocarcinomas in Japanese Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients.

Objectives: This retrospective study was conducted to clarify the morphological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Japanese familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients.

Methods: This study was carried out by the study group for FAP of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. FAP patients who underwent surgical resection between 2000 and 2012 were included in the study.

Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of the Cruciferous Pathogens Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola.

pv. alisalensis and pv. maculicola cause bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf spot of crucifers (Brassicaceae).

Detection of Culturable Bacteria from Tomato Seeds on Media Semi-selective for the Canker Pathogen.

Culturable bacteria were isolated from tomato seeds using media selective for the canker pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Clustering analysis (>99% identity) revealed the presence of 16 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) among isolates detected on semi-selective media.

Detection and identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and pv. raphani by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using specific primers.

Black rot and bacterial spots threaten the cultivation of cruciferous vegetables worldwide, and the development of a method that can easily detect, identify, and distinguish their respective pathogens Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and X. campestris pv.

Primers for specific detection and identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and P. cannabina pv. alisalensis.

Bacterial leaf spot and bacterial leaf blight are global threats to the cultivation of cruciferous vegetables, and it is necessary to develop methods to easily detect, identify, and distinguish the causative pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (Psm) and P. cannabina pv.

Computational analyses decipher the primordial folding coding the 3D structure of the beetle horn.

The beetle horn primordium is a complex and compactly folded epithelial sheet located beneath the larval cuticle. Only by unfolding the primordium can the complete 3D shape of the horn appear, suggesting that the morphology of beetle horns is encoded in the primordial folding pattern. To decipher the folding pattern, we developed a method to manipulate the primordial local folding on a computer and clarified the contribution of the folding of each primordium region to transformation.

Preoperative heat shock protein 47 levels identify colorectal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.

Accumulating evidence suggests that overexpression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) increases cancer progression, and that HSP47 level in the tumor-associated stroma may serve as a diagnostic marker in various cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate whether HSP47 gene expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues could be used to identify lymph node (LN) metastasis status preoperatively in patients with CRC. To do so, HSP47 gene expression was determined and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with CRC was analyzed.

Genome Sequences of Two Pathogens of Cruciferous Crops, Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani MAFF 106181 and pv. campestris MAFF 301176.

pv. raphani and pv. campestris are the causal agents of bacterial spot and black rot of crucifers (Brassicaceae), respectively.