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Most exogenous electronic skins (e-skins) currently face challenges of complex structure and poor compatibility with the human body. Utilizing human secretions (e.g., sweat) to develop e-skins is an effective solution strategy. Here, a new kind of "sweat-driven" e-skin is proposed, which realizes energy-storage and thermal-management multifunctions. Through the layer-by-layer assembly of MXene-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite with paper, lightweight and versatile e-skins based on supercapacitors and actuators are fabricated. Long CNTs wrap and entangle MXene nanosheets, enhancing their long-distance conductivity. Furthermore, the CNT network overcomes the structural collapse of MXene in sweat, improving the energy-storage performance of e-skin. The "sweat-driven" all-in-one supercapacitor with a trilayer structure is patternable, which absorbs sweat as electrolyte and harnesses the ions therein to store energy, exhibiting an areal capacitance of 282.3 mF cm and a high power density (2117.8 µW cm). The "sweat-driven" actuator with a bilayer structure can be driven by moisture (bending curvature of 0.9 cm) and sweat for personal thermal management. Therefore, the paper serves as a separator, actuating layer, patternable layer, sweat extractor, and reservoir. The "sweat-driven" MXene-CNT composite provides a platform for versatile e-skins, which achieve the interaction with humans and offer insights into the development of multifunctional wearable electronics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202309498 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. Electronic address:
With the exhaustion of fossil fuels, prior phase change materials are characterized by such drawbacks as poor thermal conductivity, weak shape stability, and high costs. Therefore, the preparation of phase change materials with brilliant thermal-insulating properties, high thermal conductivity, and leakage-free properties has emerged as a crucial research focus. Herein, a sericultural mulberry branch-derived (SMB) composite phase change material was prepared by deep eutectic solvent pretreated SMB and vacuum-assisted impregnated paraffin wax with cupric oxide (CuO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomicro Lett
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Urban-rural Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
Sustainable water, energy and food (WEF) supplies are the bedrock upon which human society depends. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, combined with electricity generation and cultivation, is a promising approach to mitigate the freshwater, energy and food crises. However, the performance of solar-driven systems decreases significantly during operation due to uncontrollable weather.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
August 2025
College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.
Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs), promising for thermal management, face limited application due to leakage and low thermal conductivity. In this work, a shape-stabilized composite PCM was fabricated using a one-pot in situ process by mixing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the novel metal-organic network called CFK, which was synthesized from carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs), FeCl, and Kevlar nanofibers (KNFs). The morphology, composition, and thermophysical characteristics of the composite PCM were assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
August 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, 79409, USA.
Thermal dynamics in cylindrical Li-ion batteries, governed by electrochemical heat generation, are critical to performance and safety in high-power applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage. Building on our previous work, which introduced and validated both single-layer and multi-layer models, this study focuses exclusively on experimentally validating the multi-layer formulation under a broader range of ambient temperatures. The proposed multi-layer model captures temperature evolution across all internal components, including the electrolyte, electrodes, current collectors, and casing, accurately resolving spatial heat accumulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
August 2025
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Key, Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) hold great promise for addressing challenges in thermal energy storage and temperature management. Yet, they suffer from severe issues of melting leakage and crystalline rigidity in practical applications. Here, an approach is proposed to achieve flexible, high-latent heat PCMs with intrinsic softness and toughness in the crystalline state through the combination of dual polymer networks and inorganic salt hydrates.
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