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"Empty cup aroma" is an important characteristic and quality evaluation standard of Jiangxiang-type Baijiu (JXB). In this study, an in situ detection method for the empty cup aroma of JXB was established, and the authenticity and origin information of JXB were identified with an untargeted flavoromics strategy. The complex composition of JXB leads to slow ethanol volatilization, which is a potential method for identifying artificial JXB. The results of the sensory analysis showed that acidic, sauce, burnt and qu in the empty cup of JXB were the strongest at the 45 min stage. A total of 155 compounds were detected in the empty cups of 15 JXB from different regions during 45 min of standing, and 34 compounds were identified as key aroma compounds in the empty cups of JXB. Eleven potential markers were screened (VIP > 1), which can be used to distinguish JXB produced in Guizhou/Sichuan and other regions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137932 | DOI Listing |
Cogn Sci
August 2025
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
We report the results of two acceptability judgment experiments on English materials, which were designed in order to help disentangle predictions of syntactic theories with transformations from nontransformational theories. The materials in these experiments were motivated from examples from Pickering & Barry (1991), who provided intuitive evidence that there is little processing cost for connecting a fronted prepositional phrase to its verb, even if it is the second postverbal argument of a verb in the declarative form. For example, the PP on which connects to the verb put in the sentence This is the saucer on which Mary put the cup into which she poured the milk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCells
July 2025
Department of Cell Biology, IFOM ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.
The Golgi of goblet cells represents a specialized machine for mucin glycosylation. This process occurs in a specialized form of the secretory pathway, which remains poorly examined. Here, using high-resolution three-dimensional electron microscopy (EM), EM tomography, serial block face scanning EM (SBF-SEM) and immune EM we analyzed the secretory pathway in goblet cells and revealed that COPII-coated buds on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are extremely rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comp Psychol
August 2025
Phoenix Landing.
Grey parrots have been shown to reason via inference by exclusion in various experiments, but so far only one bird has been shown to succeed on a four-cup task originally tested on young children, a purportedly stronger test of inference than experiments involving two cups. In the procedure with four cups (two pairs: AB, CD), a reward is hidden in one cup of each pair-for example, B, C; then one cup-for example, A-is shown to be empty. Successful subjects should conclude that the reward is 100% likely in B, only 50% likely in C or D, and accordingly choose B, thereby demonstrating modal and logical concepts in addition to epistemic ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem X
May 2025
College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China.
The cup aroma (CA), a lingering scent in the empty cup after tea consumption, is important to sensory evaluation and overall experience; however, the compounds contributing to the distinct floral honey-like CA of Fenghuang Dancong oolong tea (FHDC) remain unknown. CA of FHDC had strong nectar, ginger-like, and floral, while the tea infusion (TA) was characterized by tropical fruit, sweet, and floral notes. OAV and GC-O analyses revealed that esters, aldehydes, and alcohols were major contributors to the CA, with distinct variations in the volatile compound profiles between TA and CA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCognition
July 2025
School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia.
Intention prediction is essential for successful social interaction, but traditional research focusing solely on movement kinematics often overlooks the array of action possibilities in natural settings. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to explore intention prediction, analysing free-text responses from participants who watched videos of an actor reaching for a cup, bottle, or spoon, each with a distinct intention. Each video included varied environmental contexts to suggest specific intentions (e.
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