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The development of environmentally friendly and sustainable processes for the production of high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a critical research area. Currently, Y-series electron acceptors are widely used in high-performance OSCs, achieving power conversion efficiencies above 19%. However, these acceptors have large fused conjugated backbones that are well-soluble in halogenated solvents, such as chloroform and chlorobenzene, but have poor solubility in non-halogenated green solvents. To overcome this challenge, recent studies have focused on developing green-processed OSCs that use non-chlorinated and non-aromatic solvents to dissolve bulk-heterojunction photoactive layers based on Y-series electron acceptors, enabling environmentally friendly fabrication. In this comprehensive review, an overview of recent progress in green-processed OSCs based on Y-series acceptors is provided, covering the determination of Hansen solubility parameters, the use of non-chlorinated solvents, and the dispersion of conjugated nanoparticles in water/alcohol. It is hoped that the timely review will inspire researchers to develop new ideas and approaches in this important field, ultimately leading to the practical application of OSCs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303842 | DOI Listing |
Small
August 2025
School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
In nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) (so-called Y-series)-based organic solar cells (OSCs), reducing energy loss, particularly nonradiative energy loss, is critical for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, at present, molecular design strategies for controlling and/or optimizing energy loss involve multiple complexities. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the introduction of simple, 3D conjugated nonflat biphenyl side chains into a Y-series NFA (yielding BPY) can improve high dipole moments-induced intermolecular interactions and negatively charged surface electrostatic potential driven by partially isolated negative charges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
May 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
Solid additive engineering is a well-established and effective strategy for enhancing active layer morphology in polymer solar cells (PSCs), thereby improving their power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the availability of effective solid additive molecules remains limited, especially those combining simple structural units with a large dipole moment to promote strong interactions with active materials. In this study, we introduce 4-iodobenzonitrile (IBZN), a commercially available, low-cost, and structurally simple molecule with a high dipole moment (3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Omega
April 2025
College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Huaxi Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang, Guizhou550025, P. R. China.
The joining of Y6 has effectively promoted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells, and the impact of its end-group modification on the PCE is significant. Here, eight different groups are introduced to modify the end-group of Y6, forming eight acceptors named V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, and R. The excited states, light absorption properties, and intermolecular electron transfer are discussed by the density functional theory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
April 2025
Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Most high-performing dimerized acceptors are based on Y-series precursors with superior conjugated π-backbones. The utilization of branch-connected dimerized acceptors can fully leverage the four end groups to enhance molecular packing, thereby potentially improving both the stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) while maintaining high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Therefore, optimizing the linker is critical to fully realizing their potential in improving device performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
May 2025
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
Linking-site engineering, used to graft two or more monomers, is crucial for achieving high-performance Y-series giant molecule acceptors (Y-GMAs). However, the reported Y-GMAs all use a single-typed linking site, making it difficult to finely-tune their optoelectronic properties. Herein, we develop a non-fully conjugated Y-GMA (named 2Y-we), with hybrid linking sites at the wing and end-group of monomers, to combine the respective advantages of the wing and end-group site linked counterparts.
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