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Dendritic cells (DCs) are functionally diverse and are present in most adult tissues, but deep understanding of human DC biology is hampered by relatively small numbers of these in circulation and their short lifespan in human tissues. We built a transcriptional atlas of human DCs by combining samples from 14 expression profiling studies derived from 10 laboratories. We identified significant gene expression variation of DC subset-defining markers across tissue type and upon viral or bacterial stimulation. We further highlight critical gaps between in vitro-derived DC subsets and their in vivo counterparts and provide evidence that monocytes or cord blood progenitor in vitro-differentiated DCs fail to capture the repertoire of primary DC subsets or behaviors. In constructing a reference DC atlas, we provide an important resource for the community wishing to identify and annotate tissue-specific DC subsets from single-cell datasets, or benchmark new in vitro models of DC biology.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9719841 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2200366 | DOI Listing |
J Biomed Sci
September 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Oncometabolites are aberrant metabolic byproducts that arise from mutations in enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or related metabolic pathways and play central roles in tumor progression and immune evasion. Among these, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), succinate, and fumarate are the most well-characterized, acting as competitive inhibitors of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases to alter DNA and histone methylation, cellular differentiation, and hypoxia signaling. More recently, itaconate, an immunometabolite predominantly produced by activated macrophages, has been recognized for its dual roles in modulating inflammation and tumor immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAAPS J
September 2025
Gene Transfer and Immunogenicity Branch, Division of Gene Therapy 2, Office of Gene Therapy, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, WO52 RM3124, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993-0002, USA.
As the field of gene therapy advances and as the importance of sex as a biological variable in shaping viral immune responses is recognized, the impact of sex on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors mediated gene therapies remain largely unexplored. Here we review current understanding of the immune response against AAV gene therapy as well as the knowledge of sex differences observed in viral responses. We discuss sex differences in innate immune mechanisms such as Toll-like receptor recognition and complement activation, as well as the functional responses of key immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T/B cells that are involved in AAV immunogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Cybern
September 2025
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Correlated spiking has been widely found in large population of neurons and been linked to neural coding. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate the spiking activity of neurons. Despite its growing application, the tACS effects on the temporal correlation between spike trains are still not fully understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Psychiatry
September 2025
Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
Dysregulated spine morphology is a common feature in the pathology of many neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Overabundant immature dendritic spines in the hippocampus are causally related to cognitive deficits of Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of heritable intellectual disability. Recent findings from us and others indicate autophagy plays important roles in synaptic stability and morphology, and autophagy is downregulated in FXS neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Immunol
September 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China. Electronic address:
Objective: Oxidative stress exerts an essential role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to unveil the heterogeneity in oxidative stress among immune cell subpopulations in UC.
Methods: Human colon epithelial cells were exposed to 100 ng/mL LPS to stimulate UC, which were administrated with antioxidants 500 mM butylated hydroxyanisole or 20 μM N-acetylcysteine.