Efficient generation of human dendritic cells from induced pluripotent stem cell by introducing a feeder-free expansion step for hematopoietic progenitors.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are rare innate immune cells that are essential regulators of antitumor, antiviral, and vaccine responses by the adaptive immune system. Conventional DCs, particularly the cDC1 subset, are most desired for DC-based immunotherapies, however, it can be difficult to isolate sufficient numbers of primary cells from patients. The most common alternate sources of DC are ex vivo monocyte-derived DC, although patient-derived monocytes are often dysfunctional.

Stemformatics data portal enables transcriptional benchmarking of lab-derived myeloid cells.

Stemformatics.org has been serving the stem cell research community for over a decade, by making it easy for users to find and view transcriptional profiles of pluripotent and adult stem cells and their progeny, comparing data derived from multiple tissues and derivation methods. In recent years, Stemformatics has shifted its focus from curation to collation and integration of public data with shared phenotypes.

The Human Dendritic Cell Atlas: An Integrated Transcriptional Tool to Study Human Dendritic Cell Biology.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are functionally diverse and are present in most adult tissues, but deep understanding of human DC biology is hampered by relatively small numbers of these in circulation and their short lifespan in human tissues. We built a transcriptional atlas of human DCs by combining samples from 14 expression profiling studies derived from 10 laboratories. We identified significant gene expression variation of DC subset-defining markers across tissue type and upon viral or bacterial stimulation.

Lipoteichoic acid anchor triggers Mincle to drive protective immunity against invasive group A infection.

Group A (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes a range of diseases, including fatal invasive infections. However, the mechanisms by which the innate immune system recognizes GAS are not well understood. We herein report that the C-type lectin receptor macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) recognizes GAS and initiates antibacterial immunity.

Toll-Like Receptors Drive Specific Patterns of Tolerance and Training on Restimulation of Macrophages.

Tolerance is a long-recognized property of macrophages that leads to an altered response to repeated or chronic exposure to endotoxin. The physiological role of tolerance is to limit the potential damage to host tissue that may otherwise result from prolonged production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tolerance is induced by all toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands tested to date, however, tolerance induced by the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is by far the best studied.