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Article Abstract
Two fullerene derivatives C-MP and C-ETPA were designed and synthesized for tin-halide perovskite solar cells. The introduction of an electron-withdrawing group and an alkyl chain reduced the electron affinity, resulting in a shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level than that of common phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Moreover, the smaller energy level offset provided efficient carrier transport and suppressed charge recombination. As a result, the devices with C-ETPA achieved an open-circuit voltage of 0.76 V and a power conversion efficiency of over 10%, which were substantially higher than 0.63 V and 8.25% for the control devices with PCBM, respectively.
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