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One of the greatest unresolved mysteries in medicine relates to the molecular and neuronal mechanisms through which general anesthetics abolish perception. A new study in mice with mutations affecting mitochondrial complex 1 suggests that anesthetic-disruption of cellular energetics impairs endocytosis to alter synaptic function.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.043 | DOI Listing |
Ageing Res Rev
September 2025
Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research (ICNR), Department of Neurology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA. Electronic address:
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications following surgery, especially in elderly patients, and are characterized by memory loss, attention deficits, and impaired executive function. The pathogenesis of PNDs involves a complex interplay of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, epigenetic modifications, and gut-brain axis disruption. This review summarizes the latest findings on the mechanisms underlying PNDs, with a focus on microglial activation, interleukin imbalance, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Signal
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China. Electronic address:
Repeated exposure to gestational general anesthesia during pregnancy has been associated with neurodevelopmental damage and cognitive and social dysfunction in offspring. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for mitigating these effects. Behavioral tests revealed significant impairments in cognitive, social, and spatial learning abilities in the offspring of general anesthesia-treated mice, alongside delayed eye-opening, reduced body weight, and neuronal damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Anesthesia and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address:
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling network that regulates protein synthesis in response to diverse cellular stressors to promote stress adaptation. The ISR also responds to physiological stimuli to modify the cellular proteome in an activity-dependent manner. Many common brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, induce chronic cellular stress and subsequent ISR activation, which substantially contributes to disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Des Devel Ther
September 2025
School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
Remifentanil, a widely used ultra-short-acting μ-opioid receptor agonist in clinical anesthesia, is strongly associated with postoperative hyperalgesia (remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia, RIH), posing significant challenges to postoperative pain management. RIH is characterized by an abnormally heightened pain perception following opioid withdrawal, and its underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. Current research highlights the roles of central sensitization, peripheral sensitization, and multiple interacting molecular pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Chem Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Liuzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou 545000, Guangxi, China.
General anesthesia in infants and young children raises concerns about potential neurodevelopmental effects, as anesthetics such as sevoflurane may impair cognitive function and increase neuroinflammation. Synaptotagmin 3 (Syt3), a protein involved in synaptic regulation, has been identified as a possible modulator of these effects. This study explores the role of Syt3 in mitigating cognitive and inflammatory outcomes following neonatal sevoflurane exposure in mice.
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