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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) may develop in follicular lymphoma patients treated with bendamustine-rituximab. In this report, treatment with pembrolizumab successfully inhibited the clinical progression of PML by promoting radiologically demonstrated immune restoration inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), allowing complete clearance of the virus. These findings may further support the use of pembrolizumab in PML with special consideration for the potential occurrence of IRIS.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jha2.56 | DOI Listing |
Nat Rev Neurol
September 2025
Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Autoimmune neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), are rare, disabling disorders. Diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of autoimmune neuropathies rely almost exclusively on clinical parameters, and the available therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, date from >30 years ago. The lack of therapeutic progress in autoimmune neuropathies has resulted from a combination of limited understanding of their pathophysiology, disease heterogeneity and challenges in trial design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDoc Ophthalmol
September 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine, 38 Moro-Hongo Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan.
Purpose: To report a rare case of bilateral idiopathic multifocal retinal pigment epithelial detachments (imfPEDs) and to describe the long-term morphological and functional changes observed over a 16-year follow-up period.
Methods: A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with imfPEDs based on multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and fundus photography. Full-field electroretinograms (ffERGs) and multifocal ERGs (mfERGs) were recorded to assess retinal function.
Br J Haematol
September 2025
Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Polyomavirus (PyV) encephalitis is a rare but life-threatening opportunistic infection linked to progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML). We analysed 54 patients diagnosed with PyV encephalitis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in a 1:4 case-control retrospective cohort study. Median time to diagnosis was 77 days post-HSCT, with seizures, headache and motor dysfunction as the most common presenting symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOnco Targets Ther
August 2025
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China.
Background: Actinic keratosis (AK), a UV-induced precancerous skin condition potentially progressing to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) with undefined mechanisms, was analyzed for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-related biomarkers to identify key clinical targets.
Methods: Transcriptomic profiles of AK retrieved from the GEO database were analyzed using the "limma" package to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were intersected with a curated NETs-related gene set to extract differentially expressed NETs-related genes (DE-NRGs). Functional enrichment analyses via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations identified enriched biological processes and pathways.
Medicine (Baltimore)
August 2025
Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Rationale: Large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) is a rare undifferentiated malignant epithelial tumor of the lung. The diagnostic complexity of LCLC stems from its pronounced histological heterogeneity and diverse clinical presentation, particularly when extrapulmonary manifestations constitute the initial disease presentation, complicating early detection.
Patient Concerns: A 58-year-old smoker presented with acute-onset dizziness, lethargy, and communication difficulties lasting 1 day.