Very late spinal accessory nerve to infraspinatus nerve transfer to restore glenohumeral external rotation in brachial plexus birth injury.

Background: Poor recovery of active glenohumeral external rotation (aGHER) after brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is common. Late spinal accessory nerve to infraspinatus motor branch (SAN-IS) transfer has been reported as effective. We investigated its efficacy in children over 4 years with BPBI.

Potential Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response to ECP in Solid Organ Transplantation.

One of the major hurdles in solid organ transplantation is graft rejection, which must be prevented with lifelong general immunosuppression. However, modern maintenance immunosuppression is accompanied by serious side effects, such as an increased risk of infection and malignancies. The search for alternative therapies specifically controlling allogeneic responses is fueling renewed interest in extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP).

Correction: Evidence and reality: an observational study on pharmacological outcomes in advanced head and neck tumors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.

When artificial intelligence meets protein research.

The 2024 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physics mark a watershed moment in the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular biology. This article explores how AI, particularly deep learning and neural networks, has revolutionized protein science through breakthroughs in structure prediction and computational design. It highlights the contributions of 2024 Nobel laureates John Hopfield, Geoffrey Hinton, David Baker, Demis Hassabis, and John Jumper, whose foundational work laid the groundwork for AI tools such as AlphaFold.

Efficacy of an intranasally administered live attenuated PRRSV-2 vaccine against challenge with a highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain.

Introduction: The emergence of highly virulent strains of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus has driven the need for new vaccines. This study evaluates the efficacy of an intranasal (IN) vaccine composed of a naturally attenuated PRRSV-2 isolate, compared to a commercially available intramuscularly administered (IM) PRRSV-1 vaccine, against a heterologous challenge with a highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain (R1).

Methods: Sixty-eight PRRSV-naïve pigs were divided into four groups: two non-vaccinated controls (NV/NCh, NV/Ch), one IM-vaccinated with a PRRSV-1 MLV (Por), and one intranasally (IN)-vaccinated with the PRRSV-2 vaccine (IL).

The Use of Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Adult Women: Qualitative Findings From the SCOUT Trial.

Background: This paper focuses on women's subjective experiences with UTIs and antibiotic use. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infections treated in primary care, however, there is limited evidence regarding the experiences and their antibiotic treatment preferences.

Objective: The aim of this study is to gather experiences, beliefs, and attitudes regarding the use of antibiotics and the participation in the clinical trial.

Association analysis between polygenic risk scores and traits: practical guidelines and tutorial with an illustrative data set of schizophrenia.

Most methodological Polygenic Risk Score (PRS)-related papers explain the laborious process of computing the PRS in great depth. Afterwards, as a last step, it is generally described that to test a possible association between a PRS and a trait of interest, an analysis through regression models (linear or logistic, depending on data type) should be carried out adjusting for covariates (e.g.

Patient and Physician Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk: A Multicenter Survey of Communication Gaps Among Hospitalized Patients in Spain.

Background: Effective risk communication is essential in managing cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of global mortality. Clear communication between patients and physicians supports informed decision-making, yet comprehension gaps persist. We aimed to assess the quality of risk communication during hospital admissions for cardiovascular events, from patient and physician perspectives, and identify discrepancies in risk perception and associated factors.

The changing landscape of primary autoimmune neuropathies.

Autoimmune neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), are rare, disabling disorders. Diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of autoimmune neuropathies rely almost exclusively on clinical parameters, and the available therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, date from >30 years ago. The lack of therapeutic progress in autoimmune neuropathies has resulted from a combination of limited understanding of their pathophysiology, disease heterogeneity and challenges in trial design.

Relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma: treatment recommendations from the European pediatric soft tissue sarcoma study group (EpSSG).

At least one-third of patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and 60-70% of patients with metastatic RMS experience progressive disease or relapse. Following relapse, outcomes generally remain poor with limited treatment options and a high risk of subsequent recurrence. Optimal treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach incorporating chemotherapy with local control.

Accuracy of leukocyte esterase and nitrite tests for diagnosing bacteriuria in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Urine dipsticks are commonly used for the diagnosis of bacteriuria and/or urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Objectives: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of positive leukocyte esterase and/or nitrite results from dipsticks (index test) for diagnosing bacteriuria in older individuals, using urine culture as the reference standard.

Data Sources: MEDLINE (Pubmed), EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the inception date up to April 2025.

The gut-liver axis in progressive steatotic liver disease: A focus on bile acid dysregulation.

Introduction: The gut-liver axis regulates metabolic homeostasis, with bile acids (BAs) serving as key signalling molecules. BA dysregulation is implicated in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction- and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), yet consistent identification of BA markers and their mechanistic roles across different stages of these diseases remain elusive.

Methods: We integrated three complementary studies to examine BA dysregulation: a population-based cohort (1522 females from TwinsUK with serum BA and liver biomarker data), a clinical cohort (30 patients with steatotic liver disease, fibrosis stages F0-F4, and 4 controls), and rodent models (20 rats with MASLD/MetALD vs.

Genome-wide phenotypic insights into mycobacterial virulence using Drosophila melanogaster.

Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) is one of the most extensively studied animal models we have, with a broad, advanced, and organized research community. Yet, Drosophila has barely been exploited to understand the underlying mechanisms of mycobacterial infections, which cause some of the deadliest infectious diseases humans are currently battling. Here, we identified mycobacterial genes required for the pathogen's growth during Drosophila infection.

Advanced robotic surgery in obese patients with gynecological cancers: tips and tricks from literature to clinical practice.

Obesity is closely linked to an increased incidence of several gynecological conditions and poses significant challenges to their surgical management. Among these, endometrial cancer stands out due to its high prevalence in patients with elevated body mass index, with nearly 60% of those requiring primary surgical treatment classified as obese or morbidly obese. The coexistence of multiple comorbidities in this population contributes to a heightened risk of perioperative and postoperative complications.

Sentinel node detection and imaging concordance in Early-Stage ovarian cancer: A MELISA trial analysis of tracer, timing, and intraoperative gamma camera.

Purpose: To evaluate the detection rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in early-stage ovarian cancer using [Tc]Tc-nanocolloid and indocyanine green (ICG), and the added value of an intraoperative gamma camera.

Methods: This was a prospective single-center trial of 63 patients with suspected early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent SLN mapping with combined tracers. [Tc]Tc-nanocolloid was injected into the ovarian ligaments before adnexectomy, and if malignancy was confirmed on intraoperative frozen section, ICG was administered after adnexectomy in immediate staging cases.

Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona.

Background: From a public health perspective it is remarkable that there are yet no longitudinal studies in the general population investigating the influence of the basal immune state, measured before the pandemic, on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.

Objective: To investigate the specific and combined effects of personal levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins-measured in individuals' blood 4 years before the pandemic-on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in a general population.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 240 individuals from the general population of Barcelona.

Automated pixel-based quantification of porcine circovirus 2 genome in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using hybridisation.

Introduction: Detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in lymphoid tissues is essential for diagnostic and research purposes. hybridisation (ISH) enables the localisation of viral genomes in tissue sections but is traditionally assessed visually, which may introduce subjectivity.

Methods: This study developed an automated pixel classifier to quantify the PCV2 genome using RNAscope ISH technology.

Interactions between gut microbiota, plasma metabolome and brain function in the setting of a HIV cure trial.

Background: The intestinal microbiota composition has been linked to neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV (PWH). However, the potential interplay of microbial species and related metabolites, particularly in the context of an HIV cure strategy remains underexplored. The BCN02 trial evaluated the impact of romidepsin (RMD), used as a HIV-1 latency reversing agent and with reported beneficial neurological effects, combined with the MVA.

Phylogeographic and Genomic Insights Unveil the Evolutionary History and Post-Glacial Recolonization Routes of the Palmate Newt () Into Europe.

Quaternary glacial cycles have been key drivers of diversification for Holarctic species, promoting divergence, isolation, and extinction processes in numerous taxa. These cycles facilitated evolutionary radiations in some groups but also erased much of the evolutionary history of species with northern origins. Here, we investigate the evolutionary and phylogeographic history of the Palmate Newt (), a widespread species in post-glacial ecosystems in Western Europe.

Spanish Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: further validation and proposal for a reduced version.

Aims/background: The present study aims to address the limitations of previous Spanish validation studies of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), including limited diagnostic range and clinical severity, and inconsistent factor structures. Specifically, the aim of this further validation is twofold: to evaluate the factor structure of the PBQ in a sample of Spanish mothers to determine a replicable structure, and to validate the Spanish version of both the full PBQ (25 items) and a reduced 14-item version (PBQ14), in a sample of mothers with and without bonding disorders, including a broader range of bonding issues and more severe cases than in previous Spanish validations.

Design/methods: Data were collected from two independent samples of mothers.

Continuous-Wave (CW) Photo-CIDNP NMR Spectroscopy: A Tutorial.

Photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (photo-CIDNP) is a nuclear spin-selective magnetic resonance phenomenon that has traditionally been used to mechanistically study chemical reactions involving the (transient) formation of radical molecular species, extract EPR observables of short-lived radicals, probe biomolecular structure and interactions and, less importantly, increase the sensitivity of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement. Recently, the introduction of significant methodological advances as well as the advent of benchtop NMR spectroscopy has rekindled interest in this technique, which-serendipitously discovered more than half a century ago-has, as of late, matured into a powerful, highly sensitive and extremely versatile NMR hyperpolarisation method. In this tutorial, aimed primarily at the nonexpert user, we provide practical information on how to plan, set up and perform one-dimensional H and heteronuclear photo-CIDNP NMR experiments using a high-field NMR spectrometer and a continuous-wave (CW) illuminant.