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Chromatin is spatially organized into three-dimensional structures at different levels including A/B compartments, topologically associating domains and loops. The canonical CTCF-mediated loop extrusion model can explain the formation of loops. However, the organization mechanisms underlying long-range chromatin interactions such as interactions between A-A compartments are still poorly understood. Here we show that different from the canonical loop extrusion model, RYBP-mediated phase separation of CTCF organizes inter-A compartment interactions. Based on this model, we designed and verified an induced CTCF phase separation system in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which facilitated inter-A compartment interactions, improved self-renewal of ESCs and inhibited their differentiation toward neural progenitor cells. These findings support a novel and non-canonical role of CTCF in organizing long-range chromatin interactions via phase separation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-022-00676-0 | DOI Listing |
Nanoscale Horiz
September 2025
School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington 2008, New South Wales, Australia.
Entropy-driven drying-mediated self-assembly of plasmonic nanocrystals (termed "plasmonic atoms") has emerged as a general strategy for fabricating plasmene nanosheets from a wide range of monodisperse nanocrystals. However, extending this approach to binary systems remains challenging due to the complex nanoscale interactions between dissimilar nanocrystal shapes. Here, we introduce a combined enthalpy- and entropy-driven strategy to achieve an orderly mixed two-dimensional (2D) binary nanoassemblies from complementary reacting polymer-ligated nanocrystals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
September 2025
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Thermocells (TECs) represent a promising technology for sustainable low-grade waste heat (<100 °C) harvesting, offering distinct advantages such as scalability, structural versatility, and high thermopower. However, their practical applications are still hindered by low energy conversion efficiency and stability issues. In recent studies, electrolyte engineering has been highlighted as a critical strategy to enhance their thermopower by regulating the solvation structure and redox ion concentration gradient, thereby improving conversion efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Understanding hydrogen bonding and ion-specific interactions in water, sodium sulfate (NaSO), and acetonitrile (ACN) systems remains challenging due to their complex, dynamic nature. Here, Raman spectroscopy is employed to probe hydrogen bonding networks and ion reorganization in NaSO aqueous solutions with different ACN concentrations. The results indicate that, at low ACN concentrations in the ternary solutions, hydrogen bonding between ACN and water molecules disrupts the original hydration structure of the ions, resulting in the formation of small ion clusters via electrostatic interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China; School of Resources and Civil Engineering, GanNan University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
Herein, organic/inorganic multiple adsorption sites were constructed on halloysite to intensify the selective adsorption performance of the adsorbent for Al(III) in rare earth solutions. The adsorption heat behavior and thermodynamics of the composite for different ion systems were investigated using microcalorimetry. The results showed that chitosan formed a mesoporous membrane on the acid-treated calcined halloysite (HalH) substrate through a strong electron interaction between the nitrogen atom of the amino group and the oxygen atom of SiO structure on HalH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Resea
Phase separation has been discovered as a new form of regulation in innate immunity. Here, we found that IL6Ra in teleost fish has a unique intrinsic disordered region (IDR) in its amino acid sequence, distinguishing it from the IL6Ra of higher vertebrates. This unique feature endows IL6Ra with the ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, enabling the organism to swiftly initiate an immune response at the early stages of viral infection.
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