Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Background: Although the initial projection after primary nipple reconstruction is excellent, nipple projection gradually flattens in most cases due to multiple causes. Although various methods have been reported to rebuild the nipple after nipple flattening, the most effective method of secondary nipple reconstruction remains unknown. The aim of this study was to review our institution's experiences with secondary nipple reconstruction.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review from March 2012 to January 2019. We performed secondary nipple reconstruction if the primary reconstructed nipple height differed by more than 6 mm from the normal nipple height. We chose the method of nipple revision according to the degree of tissue scarring and the remaining nipple projection.
Results: We performed secondary nipple reconstruction on a total of 27 nipples, using pursestring sutures for 19 nipples and star flaps in eight nipples. The median follow-up period was 8 months (range, 6-19 months) after the final nipple reconstruction. Among the 19 nipples reconstructed using purse-string sutures, 10 (53%) demonstrated acceptable projection of more than 5 mm. Among the eight nipples reconstructed using star flaps, six (75%) showed acceptable projection of more than 5 mm. Most of the patients (73%) were satisfied (scores of 4 or 5) with the nipple reconstruction overall.
Conclusions: Few studies have presented favorable outcomes of secondary nipple reconstruction. When the star flap and purse-string suture methods were used depending on the remaining nipple height and scarring, appropriate projection could be achieved.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8627941 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2021.00304 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Global research trends in endoscopic breast surgery: a bibliometric analysis from 1994 to 2024.
J Robot Surg
September 2025
Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
Endoscopic breast surgery (EBS) is designed to reduce surgical trauma and optimize cosmetic outcomes through inconspicuous incisions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of research focus in EBS is lacking. This study aimed to analyze global publication trends, academic impacts, and evolving research directions in the field of EBS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast Tissue Reconstruction Strategies: A Tissue Engineering Approach.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev
September 2025
Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide. Standard treatment often involves mastectomy, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation. Approximately 40% of patients undergo breast reconstruction to address the physical and psychological effects of tissue loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreliminary evaluation of pectoralis major fascia use in robotic nipple sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with gel implant: a retrospective comparative cohort study.
Int J Surg
September 2025
Department of Breast surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
Objective: To demonstrate that the feasibility of using the da Vinci robotic XI surgical system for breast reconstruction with pectoralis major fascia instead of latissimus dorsi flaps.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 33 female patients with breast cancer who were treated with robotic nipple sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with gel implant (RNSMIBR) between September 2022 and June 2024 and met the selection criteria. The surgical techniques employed included the use of a latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF) in seven cases (Group A), a LDMF without skin island in nine cases (Group B) and a pectoralis major fascia in 17 cases (Group C).
Breast Implants or Lipofilling in Augmentation Mammoplasty? A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Trial.
Aesthetic Plast Surg
September 2025
Department of Surgical Science, Medical School, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tor Vergata" University, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Background: The author presents his own experience using breast implants (BIs) or fat grafting, commonly called lipofilling (LPF), to correct breast hypoplasia.
Objectives: Compare the aesthetic results obtained in a study group (SG) using BIs in breast hypoplasia correction with those of a control group (CG) treated with LPF, analyzing the influence of breast and chest deformities (tuberous breast, breast volume differences/asymmetries, nipple-areola complex asymmetry, pectus excavatum, and carinatum) in the outcomes.
Methods: A randomized, open-label controlled study was performed.
Management of High-Riding Nipple-Areola Complex: A Systematic Review of Its Prevention and Management.
Aesthetic Plast Surg
September 2025
Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK.
Background: The optimal positioning of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) remains a challenging part of breast surgery, with high-riding NAC (HRNAC) frequently occurring postoperatively. An evidence-based summary of all effective prevention and management strategies is needed for a variety of surgical contexts.
Objectives: This systematic review aims to explore and summarise the prevention and corrective strategies for HRNAC across aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgeries.