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The diagnosis of a mediastinal mass may be challenging for clinicians, since lesions arising within the mediastinum include a variety of disease entities, frequently requiring a multidisciplinary approach. Age and sex represent important information, which need to be integrated with imaging and laboratory findings. In addition, the location of the mediastinal lesion is fundamental; indeed, we propose to illustrate mediastinal diseases based on the compartment of origin. We consider that this structured approach may serve as hint to the diagnostic modalities and management of mediastinal diseases. In this review, we present primary mediastinal tumours in the evolving context of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, with recently described entities, based on our own experience with >900 cases encountered in the past 10 years.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0309-2020 | DOI Listing |
Ann Vasc Surg
September 2025
Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University Clinical College of Chest &Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
Objective: This study aimed to characterize the association between pulmonary embolism (PE) onset and various anti-tumor therapeutic approaches in patients with lung cancer, with the goal of identifying potential high-risk populations.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical records from 2019 to 2025, among the 84,000 inpatients with lung cancer, 106 patients developed PE during hospitalization for anti-tumor treatment, who were confirmed using spiral computed tomography (CT) or pulmonary angiography per CTS (2018) and NEJM (2010) criteria. Data were collected on patient demographics, cancer staging, treatment type, and time to PE onset.
Front Oncol
August 2025
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
Introduction: Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-dUT) is a recently described type of lung cancer, presenting as a bulky mass variably involving the mediastinum and the lung in patients with smoking history, and exhibits adverse prognosis. The essential diagnostic immunomorphologic features and typical genomic findings have been described. However, there is a continuing need to catalogue the spectrum of genomic changes underlying the disease, the heterogeneity of antigen expression in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls, and any variability in patient outcomes.
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August 2025
Stroke Unit, Emergency Department, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
The association between ischemic stroke (IS) and malignancy is well established. Cancer-related strokes are predominantly embolic and classified as embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). While malignancy-associated coagulopathy represents the primary pathogenic mechanism, neoplastic embolization of circulating tumor cells is another potential etiology, particularly in cases of cardiac and pulmonary malignancies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Med (Lausanne)
August 2025
Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-induced immunosuppression represents a potential risk factor for tumorigenesis and cancer progression, though existing studies have not conclusively established the association between HIV infection and the proliferation/metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We present a rare case of a 26-year-old male patient who exhibited rapid cervical tumor enlargement with extensive high-burden lymphatic metastasis following HIV infection. Imaging examinations revealed a cystic-solid thyroid mass with multiple lymphadenopathies in bilateral cervical regions, mediastinum, and axillae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Pediatr
August 2025
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
Objective: To investigate the clinical features, imaging manifestations, pathological types, and surgical strategies of mediastinal masses in children with this condition, aiming to enhance early diagnosis and perioperative management.
Methods: Clinical data of children diagnosed with mediastinal masses and treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between January 2019 and August 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Key variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical procedures, intraoperative management, pathological results, and follow-up outcomes.