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The Data and Resource Center (DRC) of the NIH-funded SPARC program is developing databases, connectivity maps, and simulation tools for the mammalian autonomic nervous system. The experimental data and mathematical models supplied to the DRC by the SPARC consortium are curated, annotated and semantically linked via a single knowledgebase. A data portal has been developed that allows discovery of data and models both via semantic search and via an interface that includes Google Map-like 2D flatmaps for displaying connectivity, and 3D anatomical organ scaffolds that provide a common coordinate framework for cross-species comparisons. We discuss examples that illustrate the data pipeline, which includes data upload, curation, segmentation (for image data), registration against the flatmaps and scaffolds, and finally display via the web portal, including the link to freely available online computational facilities that will enable neuromodulation hypotheses to be investigated by the autonomic neuroscience community and device manufacturers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.693735 | DOI Listing |
Eur J Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Pelvic visceromotor functions such as micturition are regulated by coordinated autonomic and somatic motor pathways from the central nervous system. The parasympathetic system induces detrusor muscle contraction while the somatic system facilitates relaxation of the external urethral sphincter, ensuring synchronized and efficient bladder emptying during the voiding process. This study explores the relationship between Barrington's nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-ergic projections and the formation of perineural nets (PNNs) among spinal motoneurons, particularly parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) and Onuf's nucleus during the maturation of the neural circuitry controlling pelvic visceromotor functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
September 2025
Faculty of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Background: Eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) were previously found to partly entail alterations in stress physiology including salivary cortisol (sC), and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) at rest and basal vagal tone (HF-HRV), compared to individuals without mental disorders or with mixed mental disorders (anxiety and depressive disorders), but corresponding data remain scarce and are not entirely consistent.
Method: HF-HRV, sC and sAA at rest were assessed in a female sample of 58 individuals with AN and 54 individuals with BN before and after psychotherapy and contrasted against measurements from 59 female individuals suffering from mixed disorders and 101female healthy controls.
Results: Values for sC were elevated in AN compared to all other groups, those for HF-HRV were highest in both AN and BN and lowest in mixed mental disorders and no differences were found at rest for sAA.
J Integr Neurosci
August 2025
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 559005, USA.
Autonomic medicine is a rapidly evolving field focused on understanding diseases and processes that affect the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS regulates essential involuntary physiologic processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. This review introduces the key anatomical structures, physiological mechanisms, and biochemical processes underlying autonomic function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, JPN.
Background A cold-sensitivity constitution (CSC), termed "Hiesho" in Japanese, is a common condition among young women that impairs quality of life through reduced peripheral circulation and autonomic imbalance. In our previous study, we reported that cold intolerance is associated with an imbalance in autonomic nervous function, as evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV). Conversely, footbathing increases parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA) and increases both peripheral blood flow and epidermal temperature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biochem Mol Toxicol
September 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Microbiota, which plays a vital role in susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), synthesizes butyrate. Enteric glia is a component of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and is affected by C. difficile toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB).
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