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Pheromones are used by many insects to mediate social interactions. In the highly eusocial honeybee (), queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) is involved in the regulation of the reproductive and other behaviour of workers. The molecular mechanisms by which QMP acts are largely unknown. Here, we investigate how genes responsible for epigenetic modifications to DNA, RNA and histones respond to the presence of QMP in the environment. We show that several of these genes are upregulated in the honeybee brain when workers are exposed to artificial QMP. We propose that pheromonal communication systems, such as those used by social insects, evolved to respond to environmental signals by making use of existing epigenomic machineries.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0440 | DOI Listing |
Molecules
May 2025
Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50a, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
A honeybee () colony is a superorganism of complex social dynamics. Within the colony, communication between individuals and castes is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Such complex interactions are possible thanks to semiochemicals called pheromones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiol Spectr
July 2025
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
Previous studies have found that gut microbiota and metabolites may be crucial in insect sexual maturation. For example, during sexual maturity, the increased dopamine in the drone's brain can affect its reproductive behavior, such as flight, mating, and so on. In addition, gut microbiota can affect brain functions such as learning and memory through metabolites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
May 2025
University of Georgia, Odum School of Ecology, Athens, GA 30602.
Genes and the environment jointly shape individual traits, but the influence of indirect genetic effects (IGEs), arising from the genetic composition of interacting conspecific individuals, is often ignored or underemphasized. Moreover, because of practical challenges in characterizing IGEs, empirical research has fallen behind theoretical advancement. The fire ant offers a uniquely suitable study system due to its distinct colony-level phenotypic variation (monogyne and polygyne social forms) attributed to IGEs of a social-supergene variant ( allele).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
March 2025
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
P450 enzymes are integral to insect physiology, metabolism, hormone regulation, and adaptation to environmental challenges. By leveraging transcriptomic and genomic data, this study characterized the expression of 68 unique P450 genes across developmental stages and castes in the red imported fire ant (), uncovering stage- and caste-specific differential expression patterns. Genes from the CYP4, CYP6, and CYP9 families, known for metabolizing exogenous and endogenous compounds, were highly expressed in early larval stages and minim workers, underscoring their roles in supporting rapid growth, hormone metabolism, colony maintenance, and brood care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Insect Physiol
April 2025
Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. Electronic address:
Polyphenic castes exist for colony success in social animals. A primer pheromone has been suggested as a well-known regulator of caste development, but the basis of chemical communication has remained elusive over the last few decades. In termites, a long-standing hypothesis is that reproductive-secreted juvenile hormone (JH) plays a role as a primer pheromone involved in soldier differentiation.
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