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Progressive evolution, or the tendency towards increasing complexity, is a controversial issue in biology, which resolution entails a proper measurement of complexity. Genomes are the best entities to address this challenge, as they encode the historical information of a species' biotic and environmental interactions. As a case study, we have measured genome sequence complexity in the ancient phylum Cyanobacteria. To arrive at an appropriate measure of genome sequence complexity, we have chosen metrics that do not decipher biological functionality but that show strong phylogenetic signal. Using a ridge regression of those metrics against root-to-tip distance, we detected positive trends towards higher complexity in three of them. Lastly, we applied three standard tests to detect if progressive evolution is passive or driven-the minimum, ancestor-descendant, and sub-clade tests. These results provide evidence for driven progressive evolution at the genome-level in the phylum Cyanobacteria.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76014-4 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Genet
August 2025
Clinical Hematology and BMT Unit, Bahrain Oncology Center, Road 2835, Block 228, P.O. Box 24343, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain. Electronic address:
Complex chromosomal changes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are highly heterogeneous, with disease progression shaped by both the number and nature of abnormalities. Rarely do, multiple unrelated clones with independent chromosomal changes coexist at diagnosis. Present study showcases a comprehensive characterization of two cytogenetically distinct complex clones in AML, driven by non-cyclic and chromoplexy mechanisms, highlighting their co-existence with key molecular alterations (TP53, NF1, DNMT3A, TET2) along with their potential contribution to clonal evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Med Res Opin
September 2025
International Society for Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP), Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Patient engagement (PE) has evolved from an emerging concept to a fundamental ethos underpinning healthcare research and communication. In this commentary, we explore the historical evolution in medical research from patients being participants in clinical trials to becoming integral partners in communicating medical research findings. The progression from "why" to "how" PE should occur represents a fundamental shift in the medical publication landscape.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
ConspectusMolecular photochemistry, by harnessing the excited states of organic molecules, provides a platform fundamentally distinct from thermochemistry for generating reactive open-shell or spin-active species under mild conditions. Among its diverse applications, the resurgence of the Minisci-type reaction, a transformation historically reliant on thermally initiated radical conditions, has been fueled by modern photochemical strategies with improved efficiency and selectivity. Consequently, the photochemical Minisci-type reaction ranks among the most enabling methods for C()-H functionalizations of heteroarenes, which are of particular significance in medicinal chemistry for the rapid diversification of bioactive scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Surg Oncol
September 2025
Orthopedic Oncology Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Hemicondylar fresh frozen allografts address partial knee defects while preserving native anatomy and bone stock. This study evaluated long-term survival, failure modes, and functional outcomes following hemicondylar reconstruction.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of hemicondylar fresh frozen allograft reconstructions.
Adv Mater
September 2025
Center of Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Synthesis of Value-Added Chemicals, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
Electrocatalysis, a pivotal field at the intersection of physical chemistry and materials science, plays a crucial role in advancing energy conversion and storage technologies through rational catalyst design. However, understanding reaction mechanisms at the atomic level remains a great challenge due to the intricate interplay between catalysts, reactants, and complex environments (e.g.
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