IRX5 promotes NF-κB signalling to increase proliferation, migration and invasion via OPN in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Iroquois homeobox gene 5 (Irx5) is a highly conserved member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family. Members of this family play distinct and overlapping roles in normal embryonic cell patterning and development of malignancies. In this study, we observed that IRX5 was abnormally abundant in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and cell lines. We used gain- and loss-of-function methods to overexpress and knockdown IRX5 expression in the TSCC cell line CAL27. Our results elucidated that elevated levels of IRX5 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of TSCC cells, whereas stable or transient knockdown of IRX5 expression suppressed TSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. As a transcription factor, IRX5 performed this function by targeting osteopontin (OPN) promoter and activating the NF-κB pathway. Finally, studies in xenograft tumour model showed that IRX5 significantly enhanced OPN expression and promoted tumour growth. Taken together, our study elucidates a promotive effect of IRX5 in TSCC through the connection with OPN. These findings reveal the new molecular mechanism of TSCC, which may potentiate its use as a novel molecular therapy target for TSCC.