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The xylem vessel develops from a long cylindrical cell that deposits a patterned secondary wall and ending with programmed cell death. The dynamic arrangement of cell wall enzymes, membranes and the cytoskeleton can be recorded using live fluorescence imaging. The protocol presented here focuses upon the microscopy of intracellular components in developing vessels of the root using either epifluorescent or confocal microscopes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6722-3_7 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
September 2025
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Achieving optimal alignment and fit is a key aspect of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) design, as it directly influences the effectiveness of the device. While digital workflows offer the potential to integrate quantifiable alignment measures and corrections into AFO design, a major challenge remains in controlling lower-limb positioning and alignment during 3D scanning. This study aimed to evaluate pediatric AFO alignment and shape differences of directly scanned (live scan) vs casted lower limb models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Invasive Cardiol
September 2025
Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Heart Fuster Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York. Email:
Mol Biol Cell
September 2025
Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
During embryonic development, neural crest-derived melanoblasts, which are precursors of pigment-producing melanocytes, disperse throughout the skin by long-range cell migration that requires adhesion to the ECM. Members of the integrin family of cell-ECM adhesion receptors are thought to contribute to melanocyte migration . However, due to the functional redundancy between different integrin heterodimers, the precise role of integrins in melanoblast migration, as well as the mechanisms that regulate them in this process, especially in contexts, remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Cell
September 2025
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
Cardiac sarcomere assembly is a highly orchestrated process requiring integration between intracellular contractile machinery and extracellular adhesions. While α-actinin-2 (ACTN2) is well known for its structural role at the cardiac Z-disc, the sarcomere border, the function of the "non-muscle" paralog α-actinin-1 (ACTN1) in cardiac myocytes remains unclear. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiCMs), we demonstrate that siRNA-mediated depletion of ACTN1 disrupts sarcomere assembly, and that exogenous re-introduction of ACTN1 but not ACTN2 restores assembly, revealing non-redundant functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Cell
September 2025
Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
The ESCRT machinery mediates membrane remodeling in fundamental cellular processes including cytokinesis, endosomal sorting, nuclear envelope reformation, and membrane repair. Membrane constriction and scission is driven by the filament-forming ESCRT-III complex and the AAA-ATPase VPS4. While ESCRT-III-driven membrane scission is generally established, the mechanisms governing the assembly and coordination of its twelve mammalian isoforms in cells remain poorly understood.
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