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Densely substituted cyclopropanol and cyclopropylazole derivatives with three stereogenic carbons in the small cycle are obtained via a highly diastereoselective formal nucleophilic substitution of bromocyclopropanes. The chiral center at C-2 in bromocyclopropane dictates the configuration of the other two stereocenters that are successively installed via a sterically controlled addition of a nucleophile, followed by a thermodynamically driven epimerization of the resulting enolate intermediate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol4027792 | DOI Listing |
J Phys Chem A
September 2025
Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, CNRS, Université Lyon 1-5, Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
We introduce a variational formulation of nucleophilicity within the framework of conceptual density functional theory (CDFT), thus proposing a maximum nucleophilicity principle (MNP), in formal analogy to the established minimum electrophilicity principle (MEP). Starting from a third-order Taylor expansion of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons at constant external potential, we extend our recently proposed global nucleophilicity index derived from the chemical potential μ, hardness η, and hyperhardness γ. We demonstrate that this index follows a well-defined variational condition for electron-loss processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
August 2025
MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
The development and mechanistic investigation of a novel O-fluoroalkylation of phenol derivatives using a hypervalent fluoroalkyliodonium salt, derived from hydrofluoroolefin gas (HFO-1234yf) as bulk fluorous feedstock, is reported. Optimization of the reaction conditions enabled versatile and efficient synthetic applications, and the synthetic study revealed phenol acidity-dependent selectivity of the O-fluoroalkylation process. The mechanistic behavior of phenols was supported by both experimental studies and DFT calculations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
August 2025
Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
Saturated -alkyl heterocycles are among the most significant structural motifs in natural products, small-molecule biological probes, and pharmaceutical agents, as evidenced by their prevalence in FDA-approved drugs. Substituted derivatives of these cyclic tertiary alkylamine scaffolds often exhibit markedly different physicochemical and biological properties compared to their unsubstituted counterparts. Consequently, methods for the selective functionalization of these scaffolds would greatly facilitate the optimization of biological activity, physicochemical properties, and systematic evaluations of structure-activity relationships.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
August 2025
State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Reformatsky reagents are commonly employed with activated electrophiles, such as aldehydes, ketones, or activated alkyl halides. However, their limited nucleophilicity remains a considerable challenge for direct reactions with unactivated alkyl halides, typically necessitating transition metal catalysis. Here, we present a transition-metal-catalyst-free approach that facilitates direct nucleophilic substitution between Reformatsky reagents and diverse unactivated alkyl halides, which enables formal reductive cross-electrophile coupling via a one-pot process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
August 2025
School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
Difunctionalization of olefins provides an efficient method for the construction of complex molecules. However, direct nucleophilic addition at the α-carbon of α,β-unsaturated olefins is relatively sluggish due to an electronic mismatch. Here, we report a synergetic photoredox/copper system to achieve sulfonylation of electron-deficient alkenes via a SO-insertion strategy.
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