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We introduce a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics model of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II in the S(1) Mn(4)(IV,III,IV,III) state, where Ca(2+) is bridged to manganese centers by the carboxylate moieties of D170 and A344 on the basis of the new X-ray diffraction (XRD) model recently reported at 1.9 Å resolution. The model is also consistent with high-resolution spectroscopic data, including polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure data of oriented single crystals. Our results provide refined intermetallic distances within the Mn cluster and suggest that the XRD model most likely corresponds to a mixture of oxidation states, including species more reduced than those observed in the catalytic cycle of water splitting.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi200681q | DOI Listing |
Photosynth Res
September 2025
College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200235, China.
Euglena sanguinea (Ehrenberg 1831) is one of the earliest reported species within the genus Euglena. Its prolific proliferation leading to red algal bloom has garnered significant scientific attention due to its ecological and environmental impacts. Despite this, research on E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Bot
September 2025
Genetics and Physiology of microalgae, InBioS/Phytosystems, University of Liège, Belgium.
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved diverse strategies to adapt to fluctuating light conditions, balancing efficient light capture with photoprotection. In green algae and land plants, this involves specialized light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), non-photochemical quenching, and state transitions driven by dynamic remodeling of antenna proteins associated with Photosystems (PS) I and II. Euglena gracilis, a flagellate with a secondary green plastid, represents a distantly related lineage whose light-harvesting regulation remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant J
September 2025
Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA.
Translation of the chloroplast psbA mRNA in angiosperms is activated by photodamage of its gene product, the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII), providing nascent D1 for PSII repair. The involvement of chlorophyll in the regulatory mechanism has been suggested due to the regulatory roles of proteins proposed to mediate chlorophyll/D1 transactions and the fact that chlorophyll is synthesized only in the light in angiosperms. We used ribosome profiling and RNA-seq to address whether the effects of light on chloroplast translation are conserved in the liverwort Marchantia (Marchantia polymorpha), which synthesizes chlorophyll in both the dark and the light.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
Cyanobacteria achieve highly efficient photosynthesis using a CO-concentrating mechanism relying on specialized Type I (NDH-1) complexes. Among these, NDH-1 and NDH-1 catalyze redox-coupled hydration of CO to bicarbonate, supporting carbon fixation in carboxysomes. The mechanism of coupling electron transfer to CO-hydration by these variant NDH-1 complexes remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Bot
September 2025
Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: Advances in DNA sequencing technology have led to a rapid increase in the number of species with organelle genomes and even complete nuclear genomes being sequenced. Thousands of plastid genomes from across all major clades of land plants are now available, and one of the surprising findings is the recurring event of complete or functional loss of genes involved in cyclic electron transport during photosynthesis - the ndh genes that encode subunits of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex. Gene loss in non-photosynthetic, heterotrophic plants may be expected, but the increasing number of losses being discovered in autotrophic plants questions the role and potential dispensability of the ndh genes and the entire NDH complex.
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