Neural Dynamics Underlying Uncertain Reward Evaluation in Individuals With Intolerance of Uncertainty.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) has long been recognized as a transdiagnostic factor for various internalizing disorders. Previous studies have examined the influence of IU on the processing of uncertain threats, but little attention has been paid to uncertain reward processing. The current event-related potential study investigated this issue by examining the effects of IU on the neural dynamics underlying reward evaluation in different uncertain scenarios.

Serum TFF2 as a more reliable biomarker for gastric cancer and early gastric cancer: a cross-sectional population-based study.

Background: TFF2 is a promising yet underexplored biomarker for gastric cancer. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum TFF2 and gastric cancer, including early gastric cancer, and its interactions with other factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted involving 3986 participants from Wuwei Cohort.

Butyrate-producing commensal bacteria mediates the efficacy of herbal medicine JCM-16021 on abdominal pain in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) presents significant treatment challenges due to limited therapeutic options that effectively target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, we performed a multi-center, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine JCM-16021 on IBS-D with a focus on its effects on gut microbiota.

Results: Our study assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of JCM-16021 in alleviating abdominal pain in IBS-D patients.

Association of serum lactate dehydrogenase levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced hepatic fibrosis in the United States: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data from 2007 to 2018.

Background: The associations between LDH and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF), have not been explored. This study aims to investigate the association between log-transformed LDH levels and the prevalence of NAFLD and AHF.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after applying specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion, a total of 7,316 individuals were chosen from the 59,842 participants for the final analysis.

Methionine Restriction Attenuates Scar Formation in Fibroblasts Derived from Patients with Post-Burn Hypertrophic Scar.

Methionine restriction (MetR) is a common adjuvant treatment for cancer. However, studies of MetR have paid little attention to its potential implications for fibrosis. Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is an abnormal fibrotic response after burn trauma that results from the excessive activation of fibroblasts.

Sublobar Resection Versus Lobectomy for Small (≤3 cm) NSCLC with Visceral Pleural Invasion: A Propensity-Score-Matched Survival Analysis from a Nationwide Cohort.

: While sublobar resection (SLR) is accepted for selected small, early non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), its efficacy for tumors with visceral pleural invasion (VPI) remains debated. This study aimed to compare lung-cancer-specific survival (LCSS) between SLR and lobectomy in pT2a (tumor ≤ 3 cm with VPI) N0M0 NSCLCs from a nationwide population-based database. : This retrospective study utilized Taiwan Cancer Registry data from 2011 to 2018, selecting patients with pT2a (tumor ≤ 3 cm with VPI) N0M0 NSCLC that underwent SLR or lobectomy, with specific exclusion criteria.

Analysis of the burden of colorectal cancer attributable to high body mass index in 204 countries and regions worldwide from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Numerous studies have established a link between high body mass index (BMI) and CRC. However, a detailed analysis of the global disease burden of CRC attributable to high BMI has been lacking.

Designing Reversible Photoswitching Azobenzene-Modified Nucleotide for Controlling Biological Function.

RNA plays vital roles in numerous normal and diseased cellular functions and processes. Reversible photoregulation of oligonucleotide's structure and function is a powerful strategy for both regulating biological processes and developing novel RNA-based therapeutics. Herein, we designed an azobenzene-modified cytidine phosphoramidite and synthesized a series of oligoribonucleotides containing this photoswitchable residue.

Blunted perceived control effect on reward anticipation in trait anxiety.

Background: A lack of perceived control contributes to the development and maintenance of anxiety. Previous studies have shown the deficiency of perceived control in buffering negative emotions in anxiety. However, it remains unclear whether the control-related impairment in anxiety also manifests in positive scenarios.

Multi-omics analysis identifies LANCL2 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) constitutes a significant global public health burden due to its high morbidity rates and poor prognosis, underscoring the critical need for identifying novel therapeutic targets and elucidating their mechanisms. As a key member of the lanthionine synthetase C-like enzyme family, LANCL2 has shown aberrant expression in multiple malignancies. However, its biological significance in GC remains unclear.

Characterization of Mucosal Immune-Related lncRNAs and mRNAs in a Mouse Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common inflammatory condition characterized by immune dysregulation in response to environmental allergens. Despite extensive research into general allergic mechanisms, the specific immunological features of the ocular mucosal microenvironment remain poorly understood. Investigating immune-related mRNAs and LncRNAs may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying AC and potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

Natural products target programmed cell death signaling mechanisms to treat colorectal cancer.

As a highly prevalent gastrointestinal malignant tumor, colorectal cancer poses a serious challenge in terms of increasing morbidity and mortality and late diagnosis due to the invisibility of the disease. Although existing therapies are diverse but limited in efficacy, the mechanism of programmed cell death (PCD) has become a focus of research due to its central role in maintaining body homeostasis and regulating tumor progression. Multimodal cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, have shown unique advantages in inhibiting the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells and enhancing the sensitivity to chemotherapy by responding to internal and external environmental stimuli.

Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of AZD6738 in HCC Immunotherapy via EZH2 Targeting.

Objective: This study aims to identify specific molecular targets sensitive to AZD6738 through the integration of network pharmacology and transcriptomic methods, and to assess their potential role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Additionally, we explore the specific effects of AZD6738 on the tumor microenvironment and its ability to regulate immune responses.

Methods: We employed a combination of network pharmacology and transcriptomic analysis to identify specific molecules associated with HCC, including EZH2, CCNB1, PRKDC, CTSL, PSEN1, SLC6A3, and FKBP1A.

Hyposensitivity to losses under risk but hypersensitivity to gains under ambiguity during feedback evaluation.

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in human life and can be fractioned into risk (known probability distribution) and ambiguity (unknown probability distribution), each with distinct functional correlates. This event-related potential study examined how contextual valence influences the dissociation between risk and ambiguity during feedback evaluation through the lens of neural dynamics. We manipulated contextual valence as a gain versus a loss context.

Proteogenomic analysis of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 using high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the main pathogen responsible for the development of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease (HVHND) in crucian carp (). The CyHV-2 genome encodes approximately 150 genes that are expressed in a well-defined manner during productive infection. However, CyHV-2 open reading frames (ORFs) are primarily derived from sequence and homology analyses, and most lack protein-level evidence to support their properties.

Enhancing three-dimensional anatomical understanding in complex thoracic surgery: a comparative study of OpVerse and Synapse 3D.

Objectives: Virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly employed in medical settings to provide innovative solutions for complex surgeries. In this study, we introduced and compared OpVerse, a multifunctional new VR platform developed for surgical simulations, with established software Synapse 3D to assess its efficacy in facilitating complex thoracic surgeries.

Methods: Patient-specific VR digital twin thoracic models were created based on computed tomography scans of 9 patients with large thoracic neoplasms and 4 requiring tracheobronchial reconstruction.

The impact of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption on constipation: evidence from NHANES.

Background: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has increased substantially over recent decades, raising concerns about its various physiological effects on bodily function. However, the relationship between SSBs intake and constipation remains insufficiently understood.

Methods: Data from 7,979 participants sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed in this study.

Nerve root magnetic stimulation regulates the synaptic plasticity of injured spinal cord by ascending sensory pathway.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202512000-00026/figure1/v/2025-01-31T122243Z/r/image-tiff Promoting synaptic plasticity and inducing functional reorganization of residual nerve fibers hold clinical significance for restoring motor function following spinal cord injury. Neuromagnetic stimulation targeting the nerve roots has been shown to improve motor function by enhancing nerve conduction in the injured spinal cord and restoring the synaptic ultrastructure of both the sensory and motor cortex.

Effects of postharvest maturation on physiochemical and structural properties of starch from wheat with different gluten strengths.

This study aimed to explore the effects of postharvest maturation on physiochemical and structural properties of starch from wheat with different gluten strengths. Postharvest maturation resulted in a reduction in content of amylopectin, lipids, and proteins, and an increase in amount of amylose, crystallinity, short-range ordered structures, molecular weight, and the proportion of amylopectin with B3 chains of starch from Yangmai 15 (YM-15). For starch from Fanmai 8 (FM-8) and Xinmai 26 (XM-26), postharvest maturation brought about an increase in content of amylopectin with B3 chains and a reduction in the percentage of amylose and lipid.

Multi-target neural circuit reconstruction and enhancement in spinal cord injury.

After spinal cord injury, impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor, sensory, proprioceptive, and autonomic nervous systems. Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions, combined with the limitations of current methods. To address these challenges, various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.

Dissociable effects of perceived control on reward-related neural dynamics under risk and ambiguity.

Perceived control plays a crucial role in risk-taking behavior, but its neural effect on reward dynamics in risky and ambiguous decision making remains unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by measuring participants' (N = 40) EEG activity while they were performing a wheel-of-fortune task. Participants either made choices themselves (a high control condition) or followed the computer's choice (a low control condition) under risky or ambiguous decision contexts.

Greater neural delay discounting on reward evaluation in anhedonia.

Background/objective: Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in dissecting the anticipatory and the consummatory aspects of anhedonia in terms of temporal dynamics. However, few research has directly examined reward valuation as a function of time in anhedonia.

Method: Using a delay discounting task, this event-related potential study examined the neural representation of rewards available immediately or in six months in a high-anhedonia group ( = 40) and a low-anhedonia group ( = 40) recruited from a nonclinical sample.

Analysis of the risk of oncological adverse events associated with infliximab in combination with azathioprine compared to monotherapy: insights from the FAERS database.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the risk of tumor formation with infliximab or azathioprine monotherapy versus their combination, using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: Data were extracted from the FAERS database for patients treated with infliximab, azathioprine, and combination therapy from Q1 2004 to Q2 2024. Signal mining employed methods such as Reported Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Multiple Gamma-Poisson Scaling Assessment (MGPSA) and Bayesian Confidence Interval Progressive Neural Network (BCPNN).

Slit1 Promotes Hypertrophic Scar Formation Through the TGF-β Signaling Pathway.

Slit1 is a secreted protein that is closely related to cell movement and adhesion. Few studies related to fibrosis exist, and the preponderance of current research is confined to the proliferation and differentiation of neural systems. Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are delineated by an overproduction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated fibroblasts, leading to anomalous fibrosis, which is a severe sequela of burns.

U-shaped relationship between serum uric acid and gastric cancer risk: a large prospective cohort study.

Objective: We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 475659 cancer-free participants from the UK Biobank. All subjects were grouped into quartiles, and we used a Cox proportional hazards model to analyze the association between SUA levels and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and explore the potential sex-specific relationship.