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Objective: To compare different methods commonly used for titering adenovirus and analyze the advantages and limitations of each method.
Methods: Four recombined adenoviruses (Ad-G-AT2R-EGFP, Ad-CMV-EGFP, Ad-mif-shRNA-EGFP and Ad-CBA-GFP) were amplified and purified, and each was titered by optical absorbance, real-time PCR, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled method, immunoassay, and cytopathic effect (CPE). The results were then comparatively analyzed.
Results: No significant difference was found in the titer amounts derived from GFP-labeled method, immunoassay, and cytopathic effect method (P>0.1). A positive correlation was noted in the titer amounts determined by real-time PCR and immunoassay (r=0.965), even though the value (vg/ml) obtained by real-time PCR was 10 times higher than that by immunoassay (ifu/ml).
Conclusion: GFP-labeled method and immunoassay allow rapid determination of the adenoviral titer. Real-time PCR can not directly determine the real infectious titer of the adenovirus, but the result is well correlated to that of immunoassay and reflects, though indirectly, the actual infectious titer of adenovirus. Considering the procedural convenience and shorter time consumption, real-time PCR is still a practical method for adenoviral titration.
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Alzheimers Res Ther
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal models exhibit an altered gut microbiome that is associated with pathological changes in the brain. Intestinal miRNA enters bacteria and regulates bacterial metabolism and proliferation. This study aimed to investigate whether the manipulation of miRNA could alter the gut microbiome and AD pathologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Physiol Biochem
August 2025
School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China. Electronic address:
The PR10 (Pathogenesis-Related Protein 10) family plays a crucial role in plant defense and growth regulation, with unique hydrophobic cavities that bind various ligands, including phytohormones and alkaloids. Among them, Norcoclaurine Synthases (NCS) are key enzymes in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIAs) biosynthesis, catalyzing the Pictet-Spengler reaction to form the precursor (S)-norcoclaurine. However, the evolutionary origins and functions of the PR10 family in BIA biosynthesis remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
September 2025
Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center for Full-Process Monitoring and Green Governance of Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, especially bisphenol analogues. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely studied compound, has been associated with various neurological disorders, leading to restrictions on its use and the subsequent adoption of alternative chemicals such as 4-hydroxy-4'-isopropoxydiphenylsulfone (BPSIP). However, concerns regarding the potential neurotoxicity of BPSIP have emerged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
August 2025
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Introduction And Importance: Urethral caruncle is one of the most prevalent urethral inflammatory disease in postmenopausal females. Although urethral caruncle is neither neoplastic nor preneoplastic, there have been rare reports of malignant neoplasm arising from them. Furthermore, none of them revealed association between urethral caruncle lesion and HPV (human papilloma virus) infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRes Vet Sci
September 2025
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
In addition to the more famous canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), the Parvoviridae family includes other viruses able to infect dogs [canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV), canine bocavirus-1 (CBoV-1), and canine bufavirus (CBuV)], whose etiological role is still controversial (mostly identified in animals with diarrhea but also detected in asymptomatic animals). The aim of this work was to evaluate the shedding of these common and recently discovered viruses in the dog population from the Campania region (Italy). A total of 170 feces from apparently healthy dogs were sampled and tested with specific real-time PCR.
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