Diversity and interactions of rhizobacteria determine multinutrient traits in tomato host plants under nitrogen and water disturbances.

Coevolution within the plant holobiont extends the capacity of host plants for nutrient acquisition and stress resistance. However, the role of the rhizospheric microbiota in maintaining multinutrient utilization (i.e.

From trade-off to synergy: how nutrient status modulates plant resistance to herbivorous insects?

The principle of the "growth-defense trade-off" governs how plants adjust their growth and defensive strategies in response to external factors, impacting interactions among plants, herbivorous insects, and their natural enemies. Mineral nutrients are crucial in modulating plant growth and development through their bottom-up effects. Emerging evidence has revealed complex regulatory networks that link mineral nutrients to plant defense responses, influencing the delicate balance between growth and defense against herbivores.

Nitrogen-mediated volatilisation of defensive metabolites in tomato confers resistance to herbivores.

Plants synthesise a vast array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which serve as chemical defence and communication agents in their interactions with insect herbivores. Although nitrogen (N) is a critical resource in the production of plant metabolites, its regulatory effects on defensive VOCs remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of N content in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) on the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura), a notorious agricultural pest, using biochemical and molecular experiments in combination with insect behavioural and performance analyses.

Ada2 and Ada3 Regulate Hyphal Growth, Asexual Development, and Pathogenicity in Beauveria bassiana by Maintaining Gcn5 Acetyltransferase Activity.

The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 ortholog is essential for a variety of fungi. Here, we characterize the roles of Ada2 and Ada3, which are functionally linked to Gcn5, in the insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Loss of and led to severe hyphal growth defects on rich and minimal media and drastic decreases in blastospore yield and conidiation capacity, with abnormal conidia-producing structures.

Low-frequency electroacupuncture improves disordered hepatic energy metabolism in insulin-resistant Zucker diabetic fatty rats via the AMPK/mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway.

Background And Aim: Disordered hepatic energy metabolism is found in obese rats with insulin resistance (IR). There are insufficient experimental studies of electroacupuncture (EA) for IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to probe the effect of EA on disordered hepatic energy metabolism and the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70-kDa (p70S6K) signaling pathway.

Gender differences in screening self-reported psychotic symptoms in a first help-seeking population.

Gender differences in the frequency and severity of psychotic symptoms have been widely reported. However, in the screening process for the detection of early psychosis, gender differences were largely overlooked in China. This study investigated gender differences in self-reported psychotic symptoms in a clinical population who initially visited a mental health service.

Conversion to psychosis in adolescents and adults: similar proportions, different predictors.

Background: Age effects may be important for improving models for the prediction of conversion to psychosis for individuals in the clinical high risk (CHR) state. This study aimed to explore whether adolescent CHR individuals (ages 9-17 years) differ significantly from adult CHR individuals (ages 18-45 years) in terms of conversion rates and predictors.

Method: Consecutive CHR individuals ( = 517) were assessed for demographic and clinical characteristics and followed up for 3 years.

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotics in Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis: Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study (ShangHai at Risk for Psychosis-Phase 2).

Background: The clinical high-risk (CHR) state is identified as a critical period for early prevention and intervention during the development of psychosis and early treatment may reduce the risk of conversion to psychosis. However, it remains controversial whether antipsychotics are effective in CHR populations. Limited previous randomised controlled trials of antipsychotic treatment of CHR individuals indicated possible short-term efficacy on psychotic symptoms with unclear long-term effects.

[Clinical therapeutic effect of hyperlipidemia of turbid phlegm obstruction pattern/syndrome treated with the different Jin's three-needle therapies].

Objective: To compare the differences in clinical effects on hyperlipidemia of turbid phlegm obstruction pattern/syndrome treated with the different Jin's three-needle therapies so as to provide a new approach and theoretic evidence for the clinical optimal scheme of acupuncture on hyperlipidemia.

Methods: A total of 90 patients were randomly divided into education group, electroacupuncture group and catgut embedding group (30 cases in each). The routine health education was given to the education group.

Chitin deacetylase 1 and 2 are indispensable for larval-pupal and pupal-adult molts in Heortia vitessoides (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Heortia vitessoides Moore is a notorious defoliator of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg trees. Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) catalyze the N-deacetylation of chitin, which is a crucial process for chitin modification.

Neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family member 4 (NXPE4) and prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1) as prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer.

Owing to the high morbidity and mortality, novel biomarkers in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are needed nowadays. In this study, the CRC-related datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in R software, a total of 238 upregulated and 199 downregulated DEGs were revealed simultaneously.

[Progress of researches on mechanisms of acupuncture therapy for insulin resistance].

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathophysiological basis of many chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cerebral vascular disease, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Acupuncture therapy has been demonstrated to have a positive role in reducing IR level in clinical practice. In the present paper, we summarized development of researches on the mechanism of acupuncture therapy underlying improvement of IR in recent 10 years from 1) regulating expression of hypothalamic phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-p85 and PI3K-P110 proteins in obesity rats; 2) regulating the levels of some related proteins of insulin target tissues (liver and skeletal muscle), such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS)-1 and -2, glucose transporter mRNAs and proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthetase proteins; 3) suppressing inflammatory reaction of liver tissue and down-regulating serum adiponectin in T2DM rats; 4) raising the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of quadriceps femoris in spontaneous IR rats; and 5) attenuating structural injury of pancreas islet and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells in diabetes rats.

[Eletroacupuncture improves lipid metabolic disorder by regulating hepatic AMPK/p38 MAPK/RRARγ signaling in rats with high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance].

Objective: To observe the effect of eletroacupuncture (EA) intervention on lipid metabolism and expression of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) protein in the liver in rats with insulin resistance (IR), so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of IR.

Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, medication, and EA groups (＝8 in each). The IR model was established by feeding the rats with high-fat diet for 12 weeks.

MALAT1: a potential biomarker in cancer.

Purpose: The research of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has become a new passion with the discovery of abundant new lncRNAs and extensive investigation of their roles in various diseases, especially in cancers. Metastasis associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) emerges as a hotspot, which has been reported to be involved in dysregulation of cell signaling and closely correlated with cancer development, progression, and response to therapy. This review is a brief update of the current knowledge related to the role of MALAT1 in cancer-associated molecular pathways and pathophysiology and possible determinants for MALAT1 to function as a biomarker, aiming to stimulate the basic investigation of lncRNA MALAT1 as well as its translation to clinical applications.

Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in cisplatin resistance.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of various cancers. Although platinum-based therapies are highly efficacious against rapidly proliferating malignant tumors, the development of CDDP resistance results in significant relapse as well as decreased overall survival rates, which is a significant obstacle in CDDP-based cancer therapy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in cancer development and progression by the regulation of processes related to chromatin remodeling, transcription, and posttranscriptional processing.

[Effect of Eletroacupuncture Intervention on Insulin Resistance, Lipid Metabolic Disorder and Expression of Hepatic SREBP-1 c and Fatty Acid Synthase Proteins in Rats with Hyperlipidemia].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of "Fenglong" (ST 40) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on lipid metabolic disorder, insulin resistance (IR) and expression of sterol regulatory element blinding protein-1 (SREBP-1) c and fatty acid synthase (FAS) proteins in the liver tissue in hyperlipidemia rats with IR, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of IR.

Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, medication and EA groups (＝8 in each group). The IR model was established by feeding the rat with high-fat diet.

LncRNA H19 is a major mediator of doxorubicin chemoresistance in breast cancer cells through a cullin4A-MDR1 pathway.

Development of chemoresistance is a persistent problem during cancer treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are currently emerging as an integral functional component of the human genome and as critical regulators of cancer development and progression. In the present study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of H19 lncRNA in chemoresistance development by using doxorubicin (Dox) resistance in breast cancer cells as a model system.

[Acupoints Selection Exploring for Acupuncture Treatment of Insulin Resistance Based on Data Mining].

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and rules of acupoint selection for acupuncture treatment of insulin resistance.

Methods: Data collections were conducted by searching references on acupuncture treatment of insulin resistance in PubMed, CNKI, VIP data base from 1991 to 2016, and acupuncture prescription data base for acupuncture treatment of insulin resistance was established. Data mining was applied to analyze the characteristics and rules of acupoint selection.

Alteration of nuclear matrix-intermediate filament system and differential expression of nuclear matrix proteins during human hepatocarcinoma cell differentiation.

Aim: To investigate the association between the configurational and compositional changes of nuclear matrix and the differentiation of carcinoma cells.

Methods: Cells cultured with or without 5 x 10(-3) mmol/L of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) on Nickel grids were treated by selective extraction and prepared for whole mount observation under electron microscopy. The samples were examined under transmission electron microscope.

Changes of nuclear matrix proteins following the differentiation of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.

Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were induced into differentiation by 5 mmol/L hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). Their nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) were selectively extracted and subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. The results of protein patterns were analyzed by Melanie software.