Combination of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Metformin via Organic Cation Transporters for Periodontal Regeneration in Rats.

Periodontal regeneration remains challenging due to individual variability, especially in treatments involving bioactive factors such as metformin. This study aimed to investigate the role of organic cation transporters (OCTs) in metformin-induced periodontal regeneration. The expression and function of OCTs in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) were assessed, and OCT-mediated metformin uptake was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Human periodontal ligament stem cells and metformin to enhance periodontal regeneration in rats.

Background: Effective periodontal repair and regeneration remain a critical clinical need, requiring strategies that address the complex regeneration of both bone and cementum within the periodontal complex. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel strategy for periodontal regeneration via human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and metformin; (2) investigate the metformin regulatory mechanism via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway that promotes periodontal regeneration; (3) evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of hPDLSCs and metformin in promoting the repair of periodontal defects in rats.

Methods: hPDLSCs were cultured in medium with graded metformin doses (0-600 μM) to determine the optimal concentration via CCK-8 assay, scratch assay and osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation analyses.

Research progress in cell therapy for oral diseases: focus on cell sources and strategies to optimize cell function.

In recent years, cell therapy has come to play an important therapeutic role in oral diseases. This paper reviews the active role of mesenchymal stem cells, immune cell sources, and other cells in oral disorders, and presents data supporting the role of cell therapy in oral disorders, including bone and tooth regeneration, oral mucosal disorders, oral soft tissue defects, salivary gland dysfunction, and orthodontic tooth movement. The paper will first review the progress of cell optimization strategies for oral diseases, including the use of hormones in combination with stem cells, gene-modified regulatory cells, epigenetic regulation of cells, drug regulation of cells, cell sheets/aggregates, cell-binding scaffold materials and hydrogels, nanotechnology, and 3D bioprinting of cells.

Effects of Innervation on Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis in Bone and Dental Tissue Engineering.

The repair and regeneration of critical-sized bone defects remain an urgent challenge. Bone tissue engineering represents an exciting solution for regeneration of large bone defects. Recently, the importance of innervation in tissue-engineered bone regeneration has been increasingly recognized.

Calvaria defect regeneration via human periodontal ligament stem cells and prevascularized scaffolds in athymic rats.

Background: Vascularization plays an important role in dental and craniofacial regenerations. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are a promising cell source and, when co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs), could promote vascularization. The objectives of this study were to develop a novel prevascularized hPDLSC-hUVEC-calcium phosphate construct, and investigate the osteogenic and angiogenic efficacy of this construct with human platelet lysate (hPL) in cranial defects in rats for the first time.

Injectable periodontal ligament stem cell-metformin-calcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration and vascularization in rats.

Objectives: Injectable and self-setting calcium phosphate cement scaffold (CPC) capable of encapsulating and delivering stem cells and bioactive agents would be highly beneficial for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel injectable CPC scaffold encapsulating human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and metformin (Met) for bone engineering; (2) test bone regeneration efficacy in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: hPDLSCs were encapsulated in degradable alginate fibers, which were then mixed into CPC paste.

Effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes on cementoblast activity.

Objectives: Exosomes derived from stem cells are a potential cell-free tool for tissue regeneration with therapeutic potential. However, its application in cementum repair is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of human periodontal ligament stem cell-derived exosomes on the biological activity of cementoblasts, the main effector cells in cementum synthesis.

Smart Dental Materials Intelligently Responding to Oral pH to Combat Caries: A Literature Review.

Smart dental materials are designed to intelligently respond to physiological changes and local environmental stimuli to protect the teeth and promote oral health. Dental plaque, or biofilms, can substantially reduce the local pH, causing demineralization that can then progress to tooth caries. Progress has been made recently in developing smart dental materials that possess antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities in response to local oral pH in order to suppress caries, promote mineralization, and protect tooth structures.

Effects of Metformin Delivery via Biomaterials on Bone and Dental Tissue Engineering.

Bone tissue engineering is a promising approach that uses seed-cell-scaffold drug delivery systems to reconstruct bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or other diseases (e.g., periodontitis).

Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering.

Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results PDLSCs in bone regeneration.

Surveillance of carbapenem-resistant in a paediatric hospital in China revealed the dynamics of carbapenemase and the prevalence of ST2735 .

Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) is increasingly isolated in paediatric wards, posing a severe threat to these vulnerable populations. This study investigated the clinical features, determinants of carbapenem resistance and clonal relatedness among CRKP in our hospital. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant in paediatric patients differs from the strains isolated from adult patients in carbapenemase and predominant clones.

Novel nanostructured resin infiltrant containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles to prevent enamel white spot lesions.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a novel nanostructured resin infiltrant containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) to treat enamel white spot lesions (WSLs). Physical properties and the therapeutic effect of the new resin infiltrant were investigated for the first time.

Methods: NACP was incorporated into ICON (Icon caries infiltrant, DMG, Germany) with different mass fractions.

Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Co-Culture to Prevascularize Scaffolds for Angiogenic and Osteogenic Tissue Engineering.

(1) Background: Vascularization remains a critical challenge in bone tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to prevascularize calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold by co-culturing human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) for the first time; (2) Methods: hPDLSCs and/or hUVECs were seeded on CPC scaffolds. Three groups were tested: (i) hUVEC group (hUVECs on CPC); (ii) hPDLSC group (hPDLSCs on CPC); (iii) co-culture group (hPDLSCs + hUVECs on CPC).

Periodontal ligament fibroblast-derived exosomes induced by compressive force promote macrophage M1 polarization via Yes-associated protein.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the biological roles and mechanisms of compressive force-stimulated periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) on polarization of macrophages DESIGN: PDLFs were stimulated with or without static compressive force, and then conditioned medium, high-molecular weight proteins and low-molecular weight proteins were collected to treat THP-1 macrophages. RT-qPCR and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the polarization of macrophages. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation method and identified via transmission electron microscopy, western-blot and nano-tracking analysis.

Human periodontal ligament stem cells on calcium phosphate scaffold delivering platelet lysate to enhance bone regeneration.

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for tissue engineering applications but have received relatively little attention. Human platelet lysate (HPL) contains a cocktail of growth factors. To date, there has been no report on hPDLSC seeding on scaffolds loaded with HPL.

Stem cells in the periodontal ligament differentiated into osteogenic, fibrogenic and cementogenic lineages for the regeneration of the periodontal complex.

Objective: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for periodontal regeneration. However, to date, there has been no report of hPDLSC differentiation into the fibrogenic lineage. There has been no report demonstrating hPDLSC differentiation into all three (osteogenic, fibrogenic and cementogenic fibrogenic) lineages in the same report.

Human periodontal ligament stem cell seeding on calcium phosphate cement scaffold delivering metformin for bone tissue engineering.

Objectives: (1) develop a CPC-metformin scaffold with hPDLSC seeding for bone tissue engineering; and (2) investigate the effects of CPC-metformin scaffold on hPDLSC proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix mineralization for the first time.

Methods: hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted teeth. CPC scaffolds (with or without metformin) were prepared.

Nanostructured Polymeric Materials with Protein-Repellent and Anti-Caries Properties for Dental Applications.

Dental caries is prevalent worldwide. Tooth cavity restorations cost more than $46 billion annually in the United States alone. The current generation of esthetic polymeric restorations have unsatisfactory failure rates.

Two new lignan glycosides from the fruits of Pyrus ussuriensis.

Two new lignan glycosides, ussuriensislignan A (1) and ussuriensislignan B (2), together with seventeen known compounds (3-19), were isolated from the fruits of Pyrus ussuriensis. Their structures were determined by various spectroscopic methods. This is the first report of the isolation of lignans (compounds 1-3) from the genus Pyrus, and compounds 3-6, 12-16 were reported from Pyrus for the first time.