Shape reconstruction and size measurement of spherical particles based on single particle interference imaging and deep learning.

An algorithm for shape reconstruction and size measurement of spherical particles is proposed by combining interferometric particle imaging (IPI) with deep learning. Simulated and experimental interferometric defocus images of spherical particles are obtained from the optical transfer matrix theory and the IPI system. The Respe-Unet++, which adds Residual blocks (Res) and the Patch Expand (PE) module to U-net++, is proposed to reconstruct images containing shape and size information.

Integrative analysis based on CRISPR screen identifies apilimod as a potential therapeutic agent for cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury treatment.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a life-threatening side effect of cisplatin therapy, significantly limits the drug's therapeutic potential. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in human renal tubular epithelial cells, integrating the results with transcriptome analyses and the Connectivity Map (CMap) database. Apilimod and elacridar emerged as the top two candidates of mitigating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, with apilimod demonstrating superior efficacy in drug matrix experiments.

Asymmetric synthesis of stereogenic-at-iridium(III) complexes through Pd-catalyzed kinetic resolution.

Metal-centered chirality has been recognized for over one century, and stereogenic-at-metal complexes where chirality is exclusively attributed to the metal center due to the specific coordination pattern of achiral ligands around the metal ion, has been broadly utilized in diverse areas of natural science. However, synthesis of these molecules remains constrained. Notably, while asymmetric catalysis has played a crucial role in the production of optically active organic molecules, its application to stereogenic-at-metal complexes is less straightforward.

Refining antipsychotic treatment strategies in schizophrenia: discovery of genetic biomarkers for enhanced drug response prediction.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder affecting around 1% of individuals worldwide. The variability in response to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) among SCZ patients presents a significant challenge for clinicians in determining the most effective medication. In this study, we investigated the biological markers and established a predictive model for APD response based on a large-scale genome-wide association study using 3269 Chinese schizophrenia patients.

PML-mediated nuclear loosening permits immunomodulation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells under inflammatory conditions.

Nuclear configuration plays a critical role in the compartmentalization of euchromatin and heterochromatin and the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Under stimulation by inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) acquire a potent immunomodulatory function enabled by drastic induction of various effector genes, with some upregulated several magnitudes. However, whether the transcriptional upregulation of the immunomodulatory genes in hMSCs exposed to inflammatory cytokines is associated with genome-wide nuclear reconfiguration has not been explored.

Chemoselective Quinoline and Isoquinoline Reduction by Energy Transfer Catalysis Enabled Hydrogen Atom Transfer.

(Hetero)arene reduction is one of the key avenues for synthesizing related cyclic alkenes and alkanes. While catalytic hydrogenation and Birch reduction are the two broadly utilized approaches for (hetero)arene reduction across academia and industry over the last century, both methods have encountered significant chemoselectivity challenges. We hereby introduce a highly chemoselective quinoline and isoquinoline reduction protocol operating through selective energy transfer (EnT) catalysis, which enables subsequent hydrogen atom transfer (HAT).

Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines through Iridium-Catalyzed Formal [5+1] Annulation.

An efficient iridium-catalyzed asymmetric formal [5+1] annulation by generation of enamines as -nucleophiles for the synthesis of tetrahydropyridine derivatives is disclosed. The methodology offers direct access to a wide variety of chiral tetrahydropyridine derivatives in moderate to good yields and excellent enantioselectivity.

-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Atroposelective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridines with Configurationally Stable C-N Axial Chirality.

The first atroposelective synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridines catalyzed by -heterocyclic carbene has been achieved. A wide range of chiral atropisomers of pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridines were obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (96-99% enantiomeric excess). The experimental results and density functional theory calculations showed that the C-N axial chirality of the product had high thermal stability.

FKBP51 promotes invasion and migration by increasing the autophagic degradation of TIMP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

The occurrence of metastasis is a serious risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. In order to develop novel therapeutic approaches to control the progression of metastatic RCC, it is of urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying RCC metastasis and identify prognostic markers of metastatic risk. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been known to be closely associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, which plays a highly active role in tumor metastasis.

Differentially Expressed MiRNAs of Goat Submandibular Glands Among Three Developmental Stages Are Involved in Immune Functions.

Submandibular glands (SMGs) are one of the primary components of salivary glands in goats. The proteins and biologically active substances secreted by the SMGs change with growth and development. Our previous studies showed that most of the differentially expressed genes in the SMGs of goats at different developmental stages are involved in immune-related signaling pathways, but the miRNA expression patterns in the same tissues are unknown.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells promote corneal wound healing by accelerating the clearance of neutrophils in cornea.

The dome-shaped cornea is a transparent, non-vascularized, and epithelialized highly organized tissue. Physical and chemical injuries may trigger corneal wound healing (CWH) response and result in neovascularization that impairs the visual function. CWH involves not only migration, proliferation, and differentiation of the cells in different layers of cornea, but also the mobilization of immune cells.

Jasmonic acid and hydrogen sulfide modulate transcriptional and enzymatic changes of plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and decrease oxidative damage in Oryza sativa L. during thiocyanate exposure.

It is evident that the plasma membrane NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play an important role in the generation of superoxide radicals (O) in plants during defense responses. This study was to clarify activation of NOXs in oxidative damage in Oryza sativa during SCN exposure, particularly in the roles of jasmonic acid (JA) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) on transcriptional and enzymatic changes of NOXs. Results indicated that enzymatic activity of NOXs in both roots and shoots was significantly enhanced during SCN exposure, whereas the application of JA and HS donor (NaHS) significantly repressed NOXs activity in SCN-treated rice seedlings.

Mesenchymal stromal cells pretreated with pro-inflammatory cytokines promote skin wound healing through VEGFC-mediated angiogenesis.

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Skin wound is one of the most common forms of wound. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used to aid skin wound healing via their paracrine factors.

Phosphine-catalyzed regiodivergent annulations of γ-substituted allenoates with conjugated dienes.

A phosphine catalyzed regiodivergent annulation of γ-substituted allenoates with conjugated dienes is reported, and highly functionalized cyclohexenes or cyclopentenes were obtained in high yields and regioselectivities. This transformation takes advantage of mild conditions, wide substrate scope and significant functional group tolerance. The high regioselectivity can be achieved by tuning the nucleophilicity of the phosphine catalyst.

Fibrotic liver microenvironment promotes Dll4 and SDF-1-dependent T-cell lineage development.

The reconstitution of the T-cell repertoire and quantity is a major challenge in the clinical management of HIV infection/AIDS, cancer, and aging-associated diseases. We previously showed that autologous bone marrow transfusion (BMT) via the hepatic portal vein could effectively restore CD4 T-cell count in AIDS patients also suffering from decompensated liver cirrhosis. In the current study, we characterized T-cell reconstitution in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl and found that T-cell reconstitution after BMT via hepatic portal vein was also greatly enhanced.