A Stepwise Management Strategy for Treatment of Iatrogenic Upper Eyelid Retraction in Eastern Asian Eyelids.

Background: Incidence of iatrogenic upper eyelid retraction (UER) caused by blepharoptosis overcorrection and improper blepharoplasty is increasing fast among Eastern Asians. The aim of this study is to present our experience using techniques of pretarsal cicatrix release, recession of levator-Müller's muscle complex, and lengthening of levator-Müller's muscle complex to correct mild to severe UER, and evaluate their anesthetic surgical outcomes.

Methods: Patients with UER who underwent surgical repair using the stepwise management strategy from December 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Development of Thymic Organoids Heterotopically to Educate and Induce T Lymphocytes.

Background: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a potential treatment for extensive injuries that replaces defects like-with-like, however allografts are immune-rejectable.

Methods: This study developed in vitro thymic organoids and examined whether donor-derived HSCs could be educated in vivo into T lymphocytes via central tolerance. TECs, TMCs, and HSCs from C57BL/7 (CD45.

A high-radial strength, flex-resistant PLLA cuff tube for microvascular anastomosis.

Vascular anastomosis is the cornerstone in microsurgery. To assist complicated microvascular anastomosis with diameters <0.6 mm, nonsuture cuff technique was developed.

A Modified Algorithm-Based Levator Aponeurectomy in Mild to Moderate Congenital Blepharoptosis.

Background: Levator aponeurectomy is a common operation for mild to moderate blepharoptosis. The accuracy of ptosis correction relied on intraoperative judgement when patients were under local anesthesia. For patients who must receive the operation under general anesthesia, it would be an issue to determine how much length of levator aponeurosis to shorten.

High-Quality Axions in a Class of Chiral U(1) Gauge Theories.

We show that there are many candidates for the quintessence and/or the QCD axions in a class of chiral U(1) gauge theories. Their qualities are high enough to serve as the dark energy and/or to solve the strong CP problem. Interestingly, the high quality of axion is guaranteed by the gauged U(1) and Z_{2N} symmetries and hence free from the nonperturbative quantum gravity corrections.

Conjoint fascial sheath suspension with levator muscle advancement for severe blepharoptosis.

In patients with severe blepharoptosis, the function of the levator muscle is usually weak. Even if a large amount of levator is resected, under-correction and recurrence often occur postoperatively. Frontalis suspension is the first choice for severe ptosis; however, the external orbital lifting force of the frontalis causes non-physiological eyelid movement.

A Modified Palpebral Marginal Incision Technique Using Levator Aponeurotic Flap in Blepharoplasty.

Background: Double-eyelid surgery is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries performed in Asians. The palpebral marginal incision technique (PMIT) conceals the incision scar and creates natural-looking double-eyelids. However, the amount of eyelid skin removed by conventional PMIT is limited, which potentially results in an unnatural crease or inferior skin below the palpebral crease that appears swollen.

Conjoint Fascial Sheath Suspension for Severe Blepharoptosis through Palpebral Margin Incision.

Background: Conjoint fascial sheath suspension can achieve pleasing surgical efficacy and dynamic eyelid movement in the treatment of severe ptosis. In recent years, the palpebral margin incision technique has been applied for double-eyelid blepharoplasty, which is characterized by inconspicuous scarring, short convalescence, and natural-looking outcome. However, studies of the application of this technique in the treatment of ptosis are scarce.

Sub-brow skin excision Combined with retro-orbicularis fat resection: A Technique for upper eyelid bulkiness and laxity correction.

Background: Many people are characterized by a swollen appearance and loose skin of upper eyelids, especially Asians. Retro-orbicularis oculus fat (ROOF) lying in the lateral canthus area is a critical factor of the bulkiness formation. Although several approaches have been reported, most of them intend to remove orbicularis muscle and preaponeurotic fat through a double-eyelid incision, leaving ROOF untreated.

A Modified Approach to Transconjunctival Levator Advancement Offering Intraoperative Options.

Background: The transconjunctival technique is an effective approach to mild to moderate blepharoptosis repair that does not involve skin incision. However, accurate surgical manipulation of this method is greatly restricted by poor intraoperative evaluation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to introduce a modified transconjunctival approach with flexible intraoperative adjustments in order to achieve more accurate ptosis correction.

Linking the supersymmetric standard model to the cosmological constant.

String theory has no parameter except the string scale , so the Planck scale , the supersymmetry-breaking scale , the electroweak scale as well as the vacuum energy density (cosmological constant) Λ are to be determined dynamically at any local minimum solution in the string theory landscape. Here we consider a model that links the supersymmetric electroweak phenomenology (bottom up) to the string theory motivated flux compactification approach (top down). In this model, supersymmetry is broken by a combination of the racetrack Kähler uplift mechanism, which naturally allows an exponentially small positive Λ in a local minimum, and the anti-D3-brane in the KKLT scenario.

Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits osteoclast differentiation through nuclear factor-kappaB and signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 signaling pathway.

Ginsenoside-Rb2 (Rb2) is a 20(S)-protopanaxadiol glycoside extracted from ginseng possessing various bioactivities which has drawn considerable interest regarding the area of bone metabolism. However, the effect of Rb2 on osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of Rb2 in regulating osteoclast differentiation and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Energy dynamics in a generalized compass chain.

We investigate the energy dynamics in a generalized compass chain under an external magnetic field. We show that the energy current operators act on three contiguous sites in the absence of the magnetic field, and they are incorporated with inhomogenous Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in the presence of the magnetic field. Under these complex interactions the Hamiltonian remains an exactly solvable spin model.