Effectiveness of afatinib after long-term gefitinib treatment for L858R and S768I compound mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

Afatinib, a second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), irreversibly inhibits the pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. It is effective in patients with lung cancer with various mutations; however, its efficacy in overcoming resistance following first-line EGFR-TKI treatment remains unclear. Here, we report the case of a 68-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma (pStage IA, pT1bN0M0) who underwent surgical resection in March 2012 following several previous lung cancer resections.

Sarcomatoid diffuse pleural mesothelioma in an 80-year-Old woman with long-term response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab: A case report.

An 80-year-old woman presented to our hospital with the chief complaint of left lateral thoracic pain. Chest computed tomography showed multiple nodular lesions in the left pleura and massive left pleural effusion. Based on clinical findings, imaging, and thoracoscopic pleural biopsy, a diagnosis of sarcomatoid diffuse pleural mesothelioma clinical T2N0M0 Stage IB was made.

Malignant Transformation of Schwannoma to S-100 Negative Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Case Report.

The malignant transformation of schwannomas is exceptionally rare and typically results in a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). We report a unique patient with malignant transformation of a schwannoma into an S-100 negative epithelioid MPNST. A 72-year-old male patient presented with an abdominal mass, and imaging revealed a 5 cm tumor in the rectus abdominis muscle, which was diagnosed as schwannoma through biopsy.

Thoracoscopic Resection of an Esophageal Schwannoma Demonstrating a Malignant Pattern on Dual-Time-Point FDG-PET: A Case Report.

Introduction: Esophageal schwannomas are rare benign tumors arising from Schwann cells and are among the least common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. While fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is widely used in the preoperative assessment of submucosal tumors, schwannomas are known to exhibit unexpectedly high FDG uptake, often mimicking malignant lesions. Dual-time-point FDG-PET, which evaluates both early and delayed FDG accumulation, has been employed to improve diagnostic specificity in various malignancies, including esophageal cancer.

Multicenter phase II trial of trastuzumab and docetaxel for HER2-positive salivary gland cancer.

Backgrounds: Standard systemic chemotherapy remains unestablished for recurrent or metastatic (RM) salivary gland cancer (SGC) due to its rarity. A single institute phase II trial of trastuzumab and docetaxel previously showed efficacy with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive SGC.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase II trial of trastuzumab and docetaxel for HER2-positive RM SGC.

Response of EGFR-mutated pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma to pembrolizumab.

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare and aggressive lung malignancy with limited treatment options. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in treating PPC, evidence regarding their efficacy in epidermal growth factor receptor ()-mutated cases remains scarce. We report a case of a woman in her 70s diagnosed with PPC harboring L858R + E709K mutations and high expression (95 %) of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Pulmonary artery-targeted low-dose metformin-loaded nanocapsules safely improve pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a challenge to tackle despite various available medications. Metformin, although promising, has major adverse effects; the use of an appropriate drug delivery method may improve its efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to develop a novel treatment for PAH using metformin.

TP53 and CDKN2A alterations define a poor prognostic subgroup in patients with nodal T follicular helper cell lymphoma.

Nodal T follicular helper cell lymphoma (nTFHL) exhibits unique immunophenotypes and somatic alterations, while the prognostic value of these alterations remains unclear. By analyzing 173 nTFHL cases, we identified 36 driver genes, including 4 novel ones (TET3, HLA-C, NRAS, and KLF2). Then, we classified nTFHL cases into four molecular subgroups by major driver alterations.

Artificial intelligence challenge of discriminating cutaneous arteritis and polyarteritis nodosa based on hematoxylin-and-eosin images of skin biopsy specimens.

Diseases that develop necrotizing vasculitis of cutaneous muscular arteries include cutaneous arteritis (CA) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). It is difficult to distinguish them based on skin biopsy findings alone. This study demonstrated that artificial intelligence (AI) can discriminate them based on skin biopsy findings and revealed where AI focuses on the image.

A Case of Metastatic Iris Tumor from Adenocarcinoma of the Cecum Diagnosed by Combined Tumor Markers in Aqueous Humor and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Introduction: The diagnosis of metastatic iris tumor is made by a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of part of the solid component of the tumor and tumor cells seeded in the anterior chamber; however, sometimes the diagnosis is not made due to insufficient sample volumes. We report a case of metastatic iris tumor in which measurement of tumor marker levels in the aqueous humor together with fine needle aspiration cytology contributed to the diagnosis.

Case Report: An 80-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital because of an iris mass.

Epithelioid pleural mesothelioma successfully treated with perioperative immunotherapy: a case report.

Background: Pleural mesothelioma, characterized by a dismal prognosis even with multimodal therapy, has seen emerging interest in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) due to their demonstrated efficacy. Here, we present a case of epithelioid-type pleural mesothelioma with chest wall invasion treated with definitive ICI therapy, resulting in a remarkable pretreatment effect.

Case Presentation: A 46-year-old man was diagnosed with an abnormal chest shadow on a medical check, and a computed tomography scan showed pleural thickening at the dorsal right upper chest wall.

Nonspecific inflammatory pseudotumor of the maxillary and temporal fossa: a study of seven cases.

Objective: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare, locally aggressive, benign neoplasm of unknown etiology. Because of its aggressive clinical behavior and locally destructive or infiltrative features, it may be mistaken for a malignant tumor. Approximately 5%-44% of extrapulmonary IPT occur in the head and neck, primarily affecting the orbit.

Analyzing the risk factors for disease progression within 2 years and histological transformation in patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone as first-line treatment: A 15-year follow-up of patients with advanced follicular lymphoma in JCOG0203.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma that becomes aggressive due to histological transformation (HT), leading to reduced survival. Patients with FL have different clinical courses and various treatment options. Some patients exhibit shorter survival and experience disease progression within 24 months of diagnosis/treatment (POD24); the optimal treatment remains an unmet needs.

Concurrent targeting of GSK3 and MEK as a therapeutic strategy to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, drug discovery for PDAC treatment has proven complicated, leading to stagnant therapeutic outcomes. Here, we identify Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as a therapeutic target through a whole-body genetic screening utilizing a '4-hit' Drosophila model mimicking the PDAC genotype.

Polymorphisms of the PD-L1 gene 3'-untranslated region are associated with the expression of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer.

Recent results show that polymorphisms of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as CD274 or B7-H1) might be used as a possible marker for effectiveness of chemotherapy and cancer risk. However, the effect of PD-L1 gene variations on PD-L1 expression remain unclear. Given the post-transcriptional machinery in tumor PD-L1 expression, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the PD-L1 gene, rs4143815 and rs4742098, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of 154 patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Expression Analysis of Early Metastatic Seeding of Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Distant metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor dissemination for metastasis formation occurs in advanced cancers and also during early stages of tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the genes involved in early metastatic seeding of CRC using gene expression analysis.