Diffraction regimes of phase gradient metasurfaces in background media with symmetry breaking.

We theoretically investigate the far-field diffraction patterns of phase gradient metagratings (PGMs) in symmetry-breaking background media. We will show that the breaking of spatial symmetry induces breaking of the corresponding diffraction momentum space such that wave diffraction exhibits more complex behavior in the symmetry-broken case than in the symmetric case. Three different diffraction regimes are identified for different asymmetry ratios / (where / is the refractive index of the transmission/reflection medium).

A Novel Eco-Friendly Solid Acid for Deep Diversion during Matrix Acidizing of Injection Wells.

The development of heterogeneous reservoirs presents a significant challenge to effective acid stimulation, as conventional acid systems tend to preferentially flow through high-permeability channels while bypassing tighter zones. This study addresses the issue by developing a novel temperature-responsive deep-diversion acidizing system (DDA) that enables efficient redirection of acid into low-permeability formations. The system combines organic acid salts, acid-releasing precursors, buffers, and dispersants into a single formulation capable of in situ phase transformation.

Comprehensive modeling of microscale gas breakdown under extremely high electric field.

We develop theoretical models for microscale breakdown under extremely high electric field conditions, by incorporating physical mechanisms associated with extremely strong electric fields, such as field emission, electron runaway, ion impact ionization, and the dynamics of fast atoms, which allows for accurate predictions of trends observed in existing experiments and simulations. Specifically, the mechanisms of breakdown characteristics exhibiting a multivalued curve in helium and a single-valued curve in argon are explicitly revealed. The results from the presented model also indicate that strong field-driven heavy particle reactions occur preferentially between smooth electrodes rather than rough electrodes in a microgap.

Application and challenges of artificial intelligence in predicting perioperative complications of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy, with surgery playing a key role in its treatment. However, perioperative complications, such as anastomotic leaks, infections, and mortality, can significantly affect surgical outcomes, extend hospital stays, and increase healthcare costs. Traditional risk prediction models often lack precision, leading to increased interest in artificial intelligence (AI) for improving risk stratification.

Topological-charge multiplexed metasurfaces for generating structural acoustic field and remote dynamic control.

Structured acoustic field carrying phase singularities in spatial and temporal domains is fundamentally important for acoustic communications and acoustofluidic manipulations. However, the current approaches to structured sound often have restrictions on the multiplexing capacity of generating sound vortices and lack of dynamic manipulation over them. Here, we unveil an approach to generating structured acoustic waves and achieving remote dynamic control based on the proposed concept of topological-charge (TC) multiplexed metasurface (TCMM).

Medication safety analysis of elderly inpatients based on improved functional resonance analysis method (FRAM): a mixed methods study.

The study aimed to quantitatively assess functional risks in the medication administration process of elderly inpatients and develop management measures from a holistic system safety perspective. The functional resonance analysis method and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method were introduced to graphically model the medication administration process in elderly inpatients and identify safety issues affecting the complex interactions of functions. Semi-structured interviews based on the Fit between Individual, task, technology, and environment framework were used to explore medication safety management measures.

Harnessing Atomic-Scale Thinning in Two-Dimensional Organic Molecular Crystals for In-Situ Characterization and Superior Optoelectronics.

Two-dimensional organic single crystals (2D OSCs) offer high crystallinity and quantum limit properties, making them ideal for exploring unique quantum phases and developing scaled optoelectronic devices. However, accurately probing the structure-optoelectronic relationship in 2D OSCs remains challenging. Here we realize in situ optoelectronic characterization of 2D OSCs through an atomically precise thinning technique.

Integration of bioinformatics and identification of the role of m6A genes in NAFLD.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide and seriously affects health. M6A methylation is crucial in its pathogenesis. In this study, a thorough analysis of three gene expression datasets identified nine key differentially expressed genes DEGs associated with m6A methylation in NAFLD that are involved in important biological processes.

Unlocking academic success: the impact of time management on college students' study engagement.

Background: In this study, the purpose was to examine the impact of time management on college students' study engagement and to determine the mechanisms involved. Consequently, we examined the relationship between time management and engagement in study, as well as self-control and mobile phone dependence.

Methods: The Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale (ATMD), College Student Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (CSMPDQ), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-student (UWES-S), and Self-Control Scale (SCS) were administered to 1016 college students.

Efficient and assured reinforcement learning-based building HVAC control with heterogeneous expert-guided training.

Building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for nearly half of building energy consumption and [Formula: see text] of total energy consumption in the US. Their operation is also crucial for ensuring the physical and mental health of building occupants. Compared with traditional model-based HVAC control methods, the recent model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based methods have shown good performance while do not require the development of detailed and costly physical models.

Demonstration of Similarity Laws and Scaling Networks for Radio-Frequency Plasmas.

We experimentally demonstrate similarity laws for capacitive radio-frequency (rf) plasmas, showing that two rf discharges are scale-invariant in geometrically similar systems in which the gas pressure, gap dimension, and driving frequency are proportionally tuned. Spatiotemporal distributions of the excitation rate are measured based on phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy, and the tendencies of the excitation dynamics scaling with control parameters are presented and agree well with particle-in-cell simulations. Furthermore, similarity-based scaling networks are established, which extensively correlate the discharge states (i.

The PDE4DIP-AKAP9 axis promotes lung cancer growth through modulation of PKA signalling.

Phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (PDE4DIP) is a Golgi/centrosome-associated protein that plays critical roles in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and maintenance of the Golgi structure. However, its biological role in human cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that PDE4DIP is overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and that upregulated PDE4DIP expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine massage therapy on pain, functional activity, muscle activation patterns and proprioception in knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Health education, weight control and exercise therapy are recognised treatment options for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, the pain and muscle fatigue associated with exercise make it difficult for patients to initially adhere. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) massage is an important complementary and alternative therapy that can effectively address these deficiencies. According to TCM theory and preliminary clinical practice, loosening of the muscles while pointing to acupoints can promote the recovery of KOA.

Landscape of transarterial chemoembolization represented interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

This article discusses the article written by Tan . Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the main treatment methods for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are other vascular interventional therapies, including drug-eluting bead TACE, transarterial radioembolization, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.

Annual winter wheat mapping dataset in China from 2001 to 2020.

Winter wheat is a major staple food grown worldwide. China contributes about 19% of the winter wheat production in the world. Therefore, quickly and accurately acquiring winter wheat distribution in China over long time periods is critical to achieve grain safety and understand the spatiotemporal patterns of winter wheat.

Integer multi-wavelength gradient phase metagrating for perfect refraction: Phase choice freedom in supercella).

Phase gradient metagratings (PGMs) reshape the impinging wavefront though the interplay between the linear adjacent phase increment inside supercells and the grating diffraction of supercells. However, the adjacent phase increment is elaborately designed by tuning the resonance of each subcell at a certain target frequency, which inevitably confines PGMs to operate only at the single frequency in turn. We notice that there exists a freedom of phase choice with a multi-2π increment in a supercell of PGMs, whereas conventional designs focus on the 2π increment.

Super-resolution acoustic displacement metrology through topological pairs in orbital meta-atoms.

The precise measurement of minute displacements using light is a common practice in modern science and technology. The utilization of sound for precision displacement metrology remains scarce due to the diffraction limit of half-wavelength, while it holds crucial applications in some specific scenarios, such as underwater environments, biological tissues, and complex machinery components. Here, we propose an approach to super-resolution acoustic displacement metrology by introducing the concept of topological pairs in orbital meta-atoms, drawing inspiration from the analogy of Cooper pairs observed in spinful electrons.

Silvaticusins A-D: ent-kaurane diterpenoids and a cyclobutane-containing ent-kaurane dimer from Isodon silvaticus.

Three new ent-kaurane diterpenoids, silvaticusins A-C (1-3), along with a new ent-kaurane dimer silvaticusin D (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon silvaticus. The structures of these new compounds were established mainly by comprehensive analysis of their NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of compounds 1 and 4 were determined using a single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational methods, respectively.

Linkages between stem vulnerability curves and tree demography and their implications for plant physiological modeling.

Vulnerability curves (VCs) have been measured extensively to describe the differences in plant vulnerability to cavitation. Although the roles of hydraulic conductivity (Ks,max) and hydraulic safety (P50, embolism resistance), both of which are parameters of VCs ('sigmoidal' type), in tree demography have been evaluated across different forests, the direct linkages between VCs and tree demography are rarely explored. In this study, we combined measured VCs and plot data of 16 tree species in Panamanian seasonal tropical forests to investigate the connections between VCs and tree mortality, recruitment and growth.

The relationship between mobile phone dependence and academic burnout in Chinese college students: a moderated mediator model.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the level of mobile phone dependence among college students and their experience of academic burnout. Additionally, the study sought to explore the potential mediating effect of study engagement and the moderating role of love.

Methods: During October and December 2023, a cross-sectional study measuring mobile phone dependence, academic burnout, and study engagement among Chinese college students, using the UtrechtWork Engagement Scale-student (UWES-S), College Student Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (CSMPDQ), and Academic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ).

The effects of manual therapy in pain and safety of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Manual therapy (MT) is frequently used in combination with management of osteoarthritis of the knee, but there is no consensus on the exact efficacy of this treatment strategy. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the pain relief and safety of MT for treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating MT in patients with KOA in major English and Chinese journals were searched in the following databases: Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases through June 2023.

A novel predictor of unsustained return of spontaneous circulation in cardiac arrest patients through a combination of capnography and pulse oximetry: a multicenter observational study.

Background: Unsustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is a critical barrier to survival in cardiac arrest patients. This study examined whether end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO) and pulse oximetry photoplethysmogram (POP) parameters can be used to identify unsustained ROSC.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter observational prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with cardiac arrest from 2013 to 2014.

Overlapping speckle correlation algorithm for high-resolution imaging and tracking of objects in unknown scattering media.

Optical imaging in scattering media is important to many fields but remains challenging. Recent methods have focused on imaging through thin scattering layers or thicker scattering media with prior knowledge of the sample, but this still limits practical applications. Here, we report an imaging method named 'speckle kinetography' that enables high-resolution imaging in unknown scattering media with thicknesses up to about 6 transport mean free paths.